Areas of the brain relating to olfaction are decreased in primates in general, and more so in great apes. I see no reason to postulate (without evidence) that neanderthals hunted by scent — this is pure speculation, and would be a reversal of the trend we see in the lineage that led to neanderthals and humans. The larger nose size was most likely an adaptation to a colder climate, heating the air more before it entered the lungs — this is an adaptation we see in modern humans. Africans tend to have flatter, wider noses, while Slavic peoples tend to have longer, more bulbous noses closer to those of neanderthals.

1 — We don’t know if neanderthals had music, neither do we know which structures might have been present in the neanderthal brain. Again, your assertion is nothing but conjecture. However, they did have a descended larynx, indicated by the find of a neanderthal hyoid bone in 1938, I believe, which is both necessary to speech and leaves the throat vulnerable to attack: it is unlikely that this structure would be selected for if the neanderthals did not have speech. Hence they probably did have some linguistic ability.

2 — You say neanderthals identified mates by smell. This is guesswork based on your previous misunderstanding concerning the neanderthal nasal structure. So far the matter of whether our two species interbred is still undecided, but attempting to work out the details of neanderthal courtship (let alone their brain structure) based on reasoning so naive as “neanderthals had big noses, therefore olfaction must have been their dominant sense” is absurd.

3 — I’m not entirely sure what you mean here. Are you saying that burying the dead is a way of protecting food from scavengers, thus implying that both ancient humans and neanderthals were cannibals? Although there are signs that cannibalism was practice by both species, there is also evidence that skeletons were defleshed BEFORE burial (whether the flesh was then eaten is a matter of debate), indicating that the burial was not to prevent the flesh from being scavenged.

4 and 5 — Both tools and evidence of fire use have been found in sites which predate homo sapiens by millions of years. Homo habilis, for example, is thought to have been the first hominid species to create stone tools. If you’re claiming that neanderthals were incapable of creating tools (again, something which you have only based, without explaining the connection, on your unsupported assumption that the neanderthal sensory sphere was dominated by olfaction), then how do you explain tools which predate H. sapiens? Same goes for fire.

Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons were both top level predators—> Hunters.

The Neanderthals hunted first by Smell/then by Sight

The Cro-Magnon/Man hunted by Sound/Sight

The Neanderthal’s nose/muzzle is enlarged. The Neanderthal brain case is of the shape and size indicative of development necessary to analyzing and acting on olfactory information. The Neanderthal had a well developed cerebrum and other structures adapted to processing smell.

The Cro-Magnon brain is of the size and shape indicative of a Sound Hunter. Man has a well developed Cerebral Cortex necessary for analyzing and acting upon Sound sensory input.

1) Neanderthals did not have language or music. The Neanderthals were not responsive to sound. The organization of the Neanderthal brain did not have the structures necessary to process Sound nor did Neanderthal take such delight in the meanings and patterns of Sound that Man does.

2) The Neanderthal did not mate with Humans. Neanderthal would have identified potential mates by Smell. A human female would not have aroused a Neanderthal Male and a Neanderthal female had the strength to fend off any unwanted amorous advances by human males. It is unlikely that the Neanderthal recognized Humans either visually or by smell as bearing a resemblance to Neanderthals.

3) Neanderthals did not bury the dead. Humans, and possibly Neanderthals, cache food, especially in caves and other areas that may be visited by other animals. Man is particularly fond of burying and covering his dinner with rocks or in shallow cairns. Burial takes many forms and the least representative of funerary practices is “caching.”

4) Neanderthals did not make tools. The Neanderthal, being a specialized smell hunter, would have had less capacity than a Chimpanzee to carry out the complex task of tool making. Neanderthal may have used sticks or stones on a “spur of the moment” basis to strike but the “significant differences” between Man and Neanderthal would preclude the appreciation and ability to recognize and create complex patterns.

5) Neanderthals did not make or control fire. Neanderthals were cold adapted, having a very thick and heavy fur coat. Man is not cold adapted and must of necessity make and control fire when he is out of his native, tropical range. Where there is fire, there is Man. Neanderthals did not tan hides or wear clothes. Neanderthal was a cold climate animal, not a migrant from the tropics who could only survive by the use of artificial and complex technologies such as shelters, clothes, and fire.