Comments on: Hubble and Spitzer find most distant galaxy http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/ I am an astronomer, writer, and skeptic. I likes reality the way it is, and I aims to keep it that way. My real name is Phil Plait, and I run the Bad Astronomy blog. Mon, 13 Feb 2012 22:50:27 +0000 hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.2.1 By: Mondoman555 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-2/#comment-382034 Mondoman555 Mon, 09 May 2011 18:54:08 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-382034 GOD_OF_THE_CAPS is totally correct. I have met God and he told me so. He did however tell me that the 12.8 BLY is not correct, although he refused to give the correct measurement. I suppose God has to have some secrets GOD_OF_THE_CAPS is totally correct. I have met God and he told me so. He did however tell me that the 12.8 BLY is not correct, although he refused to give the correct measurement. I suppose God has to have some secrets

]]> By: Graydon http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-2/#comment-361287 Graydon Fri, 25 Feb 2011 14:36:58 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-361287 Isn't it the case that the fabric of space, the scale-factor of the universe, is expanding, carrying the galaxies along with it? It's not the case that galaxies are actually travelling at enormous speeds relative to local space. Isn’t it the case that the fabric of space, the scale-factor of the universe, is expanding, carrying the galaxies along with it? It’s not the case that galaxies are actually travelling at enormous speeds relative to local space.

]]> By: Celebrating Hubble’s 20th Anniversary! | A Sky Full of Stars http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-2/#comment-260608 Celebrating Hubble’s 20th Anniversary! | A Sky Full of Stars Thu, 22 Apr 2010 04:40:01 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-260608 [...] We’ve witnessed a disintegrating comet, discovered distant moons, and even journeyed back in time.  Through Hubble’s accomplishments, we’ve investigated mysteries, confirmed theories, [...] [...] We’ve witnessed a disintegrating comet, discovered distant moons, and even journeyed back in time.  Through Hubble’s accomplishments, we’ve investigated mysteries, confirmed theories, [...]

]]> By: Phil Plait http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-2/#comment-221662 Phil Plait Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:41:19 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-221662 Actually, b@man (#52) what you have done is show your own ignorance of how this all works. Why don't *you* do the actual math -- or Google up something on how the cosmic expansion works -- before jumping to erroneous conclusions. I'll even help you: search on "NED Wright FAQ". Actually, b@man (#52) what you have done is show your own ignorance of how this all works. Why don’t *you* do the actual math — or Google up something on how the cosmic expansion works — before jumping to erroneous conclusions. I’ll even help you: search on “NED Wright FAQ”.

]]> By: b@man http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-2/#comment-221660 b@man Thu, 22 Oct 2009 17:35:39 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-221660 Are you all brain dead? If we are looking at a galaxy 12.8 billion light years away. That fact nullifies the BBT. If the universe is only 13.7 billion years old, the furtherest galaxy we would possibly be able to see would be 7.8 billion LY away. The light from this galaxy started this way shortly after the supposed BB. the Big Band theory is dead. It died the day this pic was taken. Cosmic Background Radiation is a moot point. Do the math. Are you all brain dead? If we are looking at a galaxy 12.8 billion light years away. That fact nullifies the BBT. If the universe is only 13.7 billion years old, the furtherest galaxy we would possibly be able to see would be 7.8 billion LY away. The light from this galaxy started this way shortly after the supposed BB. the Big Band theory is dead. It died the day this pic was taken. Cosmic Background Radiation is a moot point. Do the math.

]]> By: Stosh http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-2/#comment-218892 Stosh Fri, 09 Oct 2009 15:38:50 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-218892 hehe you said "cromulent" ...I don't know why we even HAVE a bottle! Grouchy O! I have asked the same (or very similar) question myself. How can mass (a LOT of it, including us) move at almost 85% of the speed of light? At some point, us and that galaxy were supposedly in the same point in space. We moved away at the speed of mass, it's light moved away at the speed of light. Isn't something wrong with this picture? -djr P.S. In other words, doesn't there seem to be a problem with current distance estimates, which tend to "embiggen" the universe? (sorry couldn't resist) :-) hehe you said “cromulent”

…I don’t know why we even HAVE a bottle!

Grouchy O!

I have asked the same (or very similar) question myself. How can mass (a LOT of it, including us) move at almost 85% of the speed of light? At some point, us and that galaxy were supposedly in the same point in space. We moved away at the speed of mass, it’s light moved away at the speed of light. Isn’t something wrong with this picture?

-djr

P.S. In other words, doesn’t there seem to be a problem with current distance estimates, which tend to “embiggen” the universe? (sorry couldn’t resist) :-)

]]> By: Grouchy O Man http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-151777 Grouchy O Man Tue, 27 Jan 2009 06:58:59 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-151777 If the universe is 14b years old, and we see galaxies/stars that are over 12b lightyears away, how did we get here so fast? How did we get here 12b years before the light? Imagine how embarrassing it must be for that light (the fastest thing in the universe) to spend 12b years traveling across space and finding out we've been waiting for all that time. By the way, the accelleration of the expansion of the universe is probably caused by a massive gravitational "pull"eminating from beyond the "bubble" in which the universe is located. the closer we get to it the faster we are drawn toward it. Makes sense to me. If the universe is 14b years old, and we see galaxies/stars that are over 12b lightyears away, how did we get here so fast? How did we get here 12b years before the light?
Imagine how embarrassing it must be for that light (the fastest thing in the universe) to spend 12b years traveling across space and finding out we’ve been waiting for all that time.
By the way, the accelleration of the expansion of the universe is probably caused by a massive gravitational “pull”eminating from beyond the “bubble” in which the universe is located. the closer we get to it the faster we are drawn toward it. Makes sense to me.

]]> By: Paul http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-116588 Paul Tue, 09 Sep 2008 07:56:37 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-116588 If the universe did indeed start out as a singularity, was it infinitely small, or infinitely large. For some reason we assume without any frame of reference that it was infinitely small when it may well have been both at once (think about it, if space did not yet exist then neither did size) So what does that make the current universe, finite or infinite? And by the way, despite the previous poor attempts at satire, religious people do wonder at the science behind all of this and marvel at the beauty of the universe. And while I am at it, let me ask this question: If space is expanding, and it certainly seems to be doing just that, then is it not also expanding on the microscopic level. Would that makes Planck's constant actually a variable, varying by the rate of expansion. Would those of you not laughing too hard take at stab at this. If the universe did indeed start out as a singularity, was it infinitely small, or infinitely large. For some reason we assume without any frame of reference that it was infinitely small when it may well have been both at once (think about it, if space did not yet exist then neither did size) So what does that make the current universe, finite or infinite? And by the way, despite the previous poor attempts at satire, religious people do wonder at the science behind all of this and marvel at the beauty of the universe. And while I am at it, let me ask this question: If space is expanding, and it certainly seems to be doing just that, then is it not also expanding on the microscopic level. Would that makes Planck’s constant actually a variable, varying by the rate of expansion. Would those of you not laughing too hard take at stab at this.

]]> By: Barton Paul Levenson http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70135 Barton Paul Levenson Wed, 13 Feb 2008 15:21:27 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70135 Cusp writes: [[<i>[Not a Britney fan, although everyone should cut the poor woman some slack - so no, I’d rather not]</i>]] Thank you for saying that, Cusp. Cusp writes:

[[[Not a Britney fan, although everyone should cut the poor woman some slack - so no, I’d rather not]]]

Thank you for saying that, Cusp.

]]> By: Barton Paul Levenson http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70134 Barton Paul Levenson Wed, 13 Feb 2008 15:17:55 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70134 sean hogge writes: [[<i>What does it take to determine if a galaxy is moving toward or away from us? A difference in the redshift over time?</i>]] If it has a red shift it is moving away from us, if it has a blue shift it is moving toward us. sean hogge writes:

[[What does it take to determine if a galaxy is moving toward or away from us? A difference in the redshift over time?]]

If it has a red shift it is moving away from us, if it has a blue shift it is moving toward us.

]]> By: Barton Paul Levenson http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70133 Barton Paul Levenson Wed, 13 Feb 2008 15:16:40 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70133 Flonkbob writes: [[<i>Of course I worry about anyone who listens to invisbile [</i>sic<i>] sky fairies.</i>]] Do you think calling God a "sky fairy" proves anything other than that you enjoy insulting people who disagree with you? Flonkbob writes:

[[Of course I worry about anyone who listens to invisbile [sic] sky fairies.]]

Do you think calling God a “sky fairy” proves anything other than that you enjoy insulting people who disagree with you?

]]> By: Searching Physical Science? BBC NEWS | Science/Nature |…. » Science Discoveries . net http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70132 Searching Physical Science? BBC NEWS | Science/Nature |…. » Science Discoveries . net Wed, 13 Feb 2008 09:33:59 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70132 [...] Hubble and Spitzer find most distant galaxy Hot on the heels of that fabulous Spitzer image comes news that Hubble and Spitzer have teamed up to find what may be the most distant galaxy ever seen. It appears to be at a distance of 12.8 billion light years. … [...] [...] Hubble and Spitzer find most distant galaxy Hot on the heels of that fabulous Spitzer image comes news that Hubble and Spitzer have teamed up to find what may be the most distant galaxy ever seen. It appears to be at a distance of 12.8 billion light years. … [...]

]]> By: Cusp http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70131 Cusp Wed, 13 Feb 2008 03:48:17 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70131 ps - Davis and Linewaver's first figure shows the universe in "confomal coordinates" - this clearly shows how far we can currently see - and also how far we will ever see (even though the universe has an infinite future, we will only see a finite part of it) ps – Davis and Linewaver’s first figure shows the universe in “confomal coordinates” – this clearly shows how far we can currently see – and also how far we will ever see (even though the universe has an infinite future, we will only see a finite part of it)

]]> By: Cusp http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70130 Cusp Wed, 13 Feb 2008 03:46:52 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70130 As for the statement that the universe is infinite - page 382 of "Gravity: An introduction to Einstein's General Relativity" by James B. Hartle - the spatial extent of any spatially flat cosmological model (which we are with Om = 0.3 and Lam = 0.7) is infinite. As for how far we can see - we can see to the horizon (the sphere around us defined by the distance light has covered in 13.6 Billion years) - we can't see all the way back to this point, tho, as the CMB is optically thick and presents a surface (known as last scattering) which we get light from. It's a little like looking into a fog bank. As for the statement that the universe is infinite – page 382 of “Gravity: An introduction to Einstein’s General Relativity” by James B. Hartle – the spatial extent of any spatially flat cosmological model (which we are with Om = 0.3 and Lam = 0.7) is infinite.

As for how far we can see – we can see to the horizon (the sphere around us defined by the distance light has covered in 13.6 Billion years) – we can’t see all the way back to this point, tho, as the CMB is optically thick and presents a surface (known as last scattering) which we get light from. It’s a little like looking into a fog bank.

]]> By: Cusp http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70129 Cusp Wed, 13 Feb 2008 03:41:02 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70129 > If you are going to make claims, please cite your sources. I have only seen a few people use citations. Uninformed people read your comments and take them as fact. Is that directed at me? I did put a citation in. > If you are going to make claims, please cite your sources. I have only seen a few people use citations. Uninformed people read your comments and take them as fact.

Is that directed at me? I did put a citation in.

]]> By: Scott http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70128 Scott Wed, 13 Feb 2008 03:39:14 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70128 I still want to know what the farthest we could theoretically see would be.\ I still want to know what the farthest we could theoretically see would be.\

]]> By: Citation_Needed http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70127 Citation_Needed Wed, 13 Feb 2008 03:27:44 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70127 If you are going to make claims, please cite your sources. I have only seen a few people use citations. Uninformed people read your comments and take them as fact. If you are going to make claims, please cite your sources. I have only seen a few people use citations. Uninformed people read your comments and take them as fact.

]]> By: Lugosi http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70126 Lugosi Wed, 13 Feb 2008 02:25:51 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70126 I'm sure many of you are quick to dismiss Britney Spears as some sort of ditzy blonde, but prior to her recent breakdown, she had quite the mind. And if you doubt me, I refer you to the <a href="http://britneyspears.ac/lasers.htm" rel="nofollow">Britney Spears Semiconductor Physics site</a>. I’m sure many of you are quick to dismiss Britney Spears as some sort of ditzy blonde, but prior to her recent breakdown, she had quite the mind. And if you doubt me, I refer you to the Britney Spears Semiconductor Physics site.

]]> By: Cusp http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70125 Cusp Wed, 13 Feb 2008 01:07:06 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70125 Sorry - should not have put the word believe in there - what I meant is if the measurements of the cosmological parameters are correct, then this implies that the universe is, and always has been, infinite. Sorry – should not have put the word believe in there – what I meant is if the measurements of the cosmological parameters are correct, then this implies that the universe is, and always has been, infinite.

]]> By: Cusp http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70124 Cusp Wed, 13 Feb 2008 00:54:27 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70124 If you believe the measurements of the cosmological parameters, the universe is infinite in extent. Furthermore, it always has been, even at the big bang. The singularity is not all matter at a point, just that the density diverges as we go backwards to t=0. The observable universe (a sphere around us over which light has traveled since the big bang) has zero radius at the big bang. As the universe aged, this sphere got larger. Yes, things out there are moving away from us than faster than the speed of light. Yes we can see them (this is a topic which is nicely covered in Title: Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe Authors: Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H. Affiliation: AA(University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; tamarad@phys.unsw.edu.au), AB(University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; charley@bat.phys.unsw.edu.au) Publication: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Volume 21, Issue 1, pp. 97-109. (PASA Homepage) If you believe the measurements of the cosmological parameters, the universe is infinite in extent. Furthermore, it always has been, even at the big bang. The singularity is not all matter at a point, just that the density diverges as we go backwards to t=0.

The observable universe (a sphere around us over which light has traveled since the big bang) has zero radius at the big bang. As the universe aged, this sphere got larger.

Yes, things out there are moving away from us than faster than the speed of light. Yes we can see them (this is a topic which is nicely covered in

Title:
Expanding Confusion: Common Misconceptions of Cosmological Horizons and the Superluminal Expansion of the Universe
Authors:
Davis, Tamara M.; Lineweaver, Charles H.
Affiliation:
AA(University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; tamarad@phys.unsw.edu.au), AB(University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; charley@bat.phys.unsw.edu.au)
Publication:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Volume 21, Issue 1, pp. 97-109. (PASA Homepage)

]]> By: David http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70123 David Wed, 13 Feb 2008 00:40:36 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70123 I have a question that may be easier for those of you who have your head more fully wrapped around this than I do. If this object is 13 billion light years away, and at some point 14 billion light years or so ago we were at the same infinitely small point, how did we get so far away from this object? In other words, 13 billion light years of space has opened up between where we are now and where this object was 13 billion light years ago, and it only took 14 billion years for that to happen. Wouldn't this mean that space is expanding at a rate that is very near the speed of light? If so, then wouldn't there conceivably already be objects that are far enough away from us that they are moving from us faster than the speed of light and therfore we will never see them? If that is true, wouldn't that be some sort of paradox? I have a question that may be easier for those of you who have your head more fully wrapped around this than I do. If this object is 13 billion light years away, and at some point 14 billion light years or so ago we were at the same infinitely small point, how did we get so far away from this object? In other words, 13 billion light years of space has opened up between where we are now and where this object was 13 billion light years ago, and it only took 14 billion years for that to happen. Wouldn’t this mean that space is expanding at a rate that is very near the speed of light? If so, then wouldn’t there conceivably already be objects that are far enough away from us that they are moving from us faster than the speed of light and therfore we will never see them? If that is true, wouldn’t that be some sort of paradox?

]]> By: gingras http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70122 gingras Wed, 13 Feb 2008 00:07:26 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70122 i feel that i have to point out the cromulent remark since no one else seems to be a dork. thumbs up. i feel that i have to point out the cromulent remark since no one else seems to be a dork. thumbs up.

]]> By: dusty59 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70121 dusty59 Tue, 12 Feb 2008 23:57:15 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70121 the finite/infinite-- edge question is one of my favorite quandries. IF there were a telescope way out at Abell 1689, would the universe look the same to them? I'll check out the links suggested above. the finite/infinite– edge question is one of my favorite quandries.
IF there were a telescope way out at Abell 1689, would the universe look the same to them?
I’ll check out the links suggested above.

]]> By: Cusp http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70120 Cusp Tue, 12 Feb 2008 23:48:37 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70120 [Not a Britney fan, although everyone should cut the poor woman some slack - so no, I'd rather not] [Not a Britney fan, although everyone should cut the poor woman some slack - so no, I'd rather not]

]]> By: Greg in Austin http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/comment-page-1/#comment-70119 Greg in Austin Tue, 12 Feb 2008 23:33:25 +0000 http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2008/02/12/hubble-and-spitzer-find-most-distant-galaxy/#comment-70119 Lugosion said, "Well, I’m certainly confused by all this talk of infinity, red shifts, and expanding universes. Would anybody rather talk about Britney Spears? That I can handle." Infinity: The amount of money Britney Spears could have made, if she had not gone bonkers Red Shifts: Did she shift the color of her hair to red BEFORE or AFTER she shaved it all off? Expanding Universe: Britney's pants. Got any more jokes? Something about Britney's gravitational pull? The black hole into which her career is disappearing into? ;) p.s. sorry if this was offensive to Britney fans or astronomers! Lugosion said, “Well, I’m certainly confused by all this talk of infinity, red shifts, and expanding universes. Would anybody rather talk about Britney Spears? That I can handle.”

Infinity: The amount of money Britney Spears could have made, if she had not gone bonkers
Red Shifts: Did she shift the color of her hair to red BEFORE or AFTER she shaved it all off?
Expanding Universe: Britney’s pants.

Got any more jokes? Something about Britney’s gravitational pull? The black hole into which her career is disappearing into?
;)

p.s. sorry if this was offensive to Britney fans or astronomers!

]]>