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	<title>Comments on: New study: 1/3 of Sun-like stars might have terrestrial planets in their habitable zones</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/</link>
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		<title>By: Dean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309440</link>
		<dc:creator>Dean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Oct 2012 17:13:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309440</guid>
		<description>What has me interested is David Brin&#039;s suggestion (though he probably didn&#039;t come up with it) that the most probable solution to Fermi&#039;s Paradox is that while earth-like worlds are common around sunlike stars, they&#039;re very likely to be water worlds.  That is, entirely covered with water, not just a mix of continents and oceans like Earth.

When you look at how thin the oceans are, it&#039;s amazing that we aren&#039;t completely water covered.  And if that&#039;s the case, you can easily have tons of life, even advanced life...even intelligent life.  But technological life?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What has me interested is David Brin&#8217;s suggestion (though he probably didn&#8217;t come up with it) that the most probable solution to Fermi&#8217;s Paradox is that while earth-like worlds are common around sunlike stars, they&#8217;re very likely to be water worlds.  That is, entirely covered with water, not just a mix of continents and oceans like Earth.</p>
<p>When you look at how thin the oceans are, it&#8217;s amazing that we aren&#8217;t completely water covered.  And if that&#8217;s the case, you can easily have tons of life, even advanced life&#8230;even intelligent life.  But technological life?</p>
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		<title>By: Nigel Depledge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309439</link>
		<dc:creator>Nigel Depledge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 2011 09:43:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309439</guid>
		<description>@ Amphiox (50) -
Some good points there, that I wish I had thought of.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@ Amphiox (50) -<br />
Some good points there, that I wish I had thought of.</p>
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		<title>By: Nigel Depledge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309438</link>
		<dc:creator>Nigel Depledge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Oct 2011 09:41:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309438</guid>
		<description>Bean soup (48) said:
&lt;blockquote&gt;That’s not quite true though. You can go anywhere from sub-zero frost to boiling sulphur springs and find life. There is even life kilometres below the earth’s surface.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

This is true, but you find less and less as you get away from the &quot;water available in the range of 0 - 40 °C&quot; zones.

Yes, there are bacteria that live in antarctic glaciers, but they have to excrete proteins that melt the ice in which they live (just a tiny bit) so they can absorb nutrients and grow.  Yes, there are thermophilic bacteria, but the higher the temperature of the spring, the fewer species you will find.

&lt;blockquote&gt;There is bacteria found living (and mutating) on the external surfaces of our satellites.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Citation needed.

&lt;blockquote&gt;Look at the humble waterbear that can survive all sorts of extremes- although granted needs more temperate environment to thrive and reproduce.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

And, more imortantly, to &lt;i&gt;metabolise&lt;/i&gt;.  They survive extreme conditions (radiation, vacuum, dessication (sp?)) by going dormant.  It&#039;s hard enough to identify life from a distance when that life is active, but to detect dormant life from light-years away would be very much more challenging.

&lt;blockquote&gt;It may be that life on our planet prefers the cushy temperate zones- but life that evolved from different chemistries would not have the same requirements.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Absolutely correct, and completely useless.  Without knowing something about this other life, how could we ever begin to come up with a way of detecting it from a distance?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bean soup (48) said:</p>
<blockquote><p>That’s not quite true though. You can go anywhere from sub-zero frost to boiling sulphur springs and find life. There is even life kilometres below the earth’s surface.</p></blockquote>
<p>This is true, but you find less and less as you get away from the &#8220;water available in the range of 0 &#8211; 40 °C&#8221; zones.</p>
<p>Yes, there are bacteria that live in antarctic glaciers, but they have to excrete proteins that melt the ice in which they live (just a tiny bit) so they can absorb nutrients and grow.  Yes, there are thermophilic bacteria, but the higher the temperature of the spring, the fewer species you will find.</p>
<blockquote><p>There is bacteria found living (and mutating) on the external surfaces of our satellites.</p></blockquote>
<p>Citation needed.</p>
<blockquote><p>Look at the humble waterbear that can survive all sorts of extremes- although granted needs more temperate environment to thrive and reproduce.</p></blockquote>
<p>And, more imortantly, to <i>metabolise</i>.  They survive extreme conditions (radiation, vacuum, dessication (sp?)) by going dormant.  It&#8217;s hard enough to identify life from a distance when that life is active, but to detect dormant life from light-years away would be very much more challenging.</p>
<blockquote><p>It may be that life on our planet prefers the cushy temperate zones- but life that evolved from different chemistries would not have the same requirements.</p></blockquote>
<p>Absolutely correct, and completely useless.  Without knowing something about this other life, how could we ever begin to come up with a way of detecting it from a distance?</p>
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		<title>By: johnthompson</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309437</link>
		<dc:creator>johnthompson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Oct 2011 00:23:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309437</guid>
		<description>The B.A. left out all kinds of interesting things about this.  For one, a paper by Catanzarite and Shao has already been published that takes the same Kepler data and comes to a dramatically different conclusion.  Traub references that paper and does a direct comparison between his result and that of Catanzarite and Shao. They differ by about a factor of 30x(!) which seems to be well accounted for by the different assumptions.   So, we can say with reasonable certainty that eta-earth is somewhere between about 1% and 35%.  The difference lies in how incomplete the Kepler data is (so far) on periods longer than 42 days.  It should be noted that the Kepler team DID announce several planets, some of terrestrial size and in the habitable zones of their stars, with periods LONGER (sometimes by almost a factor of 2), than 42 days, so clearly the team has looked ahead into their data that hasn&#039;t been publicly released (it would be stupid to think that they haven&#039;t).  So, the big difference between these papers lies in how complete one thinks their look-ahead has been.  Traub was strict about his cut-off; CS perhaps more realistic if less statistically &quot;sound&quot;.  One shouldn&#039;t hold out a lot of hope that true solar analogs with periods near 1 year around G stars will change these numbers very much as there are just too few such stars and we already know that a good fraction of them have solar systems completely unlike our own.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The B.A. left out all kinds of interesting things about this.  For one, a paper by Catanzarite and Shao has already been published that takes the same Kepler data and comes to a dramatically different conclusion.  Traub references that paper and does a direct comparison between his result and that of Catanzarite and Shao. They differ by about a factor of 30x(!) which seems to be well accounted for by the different assumptions.   So, we can say with reasonable certainty that eta-earth is somewhere between about 1% and 35%.  The difference lies in how incomplete the Kepler data is (so far) on periods longer than 42 days.  It should be noted that the Kepler team DID announce several planets, some of terrestrial size and in the habitable zones of their stars, with periods LONGER (sometimes by almost a factor of 2), than 42 days, so clearly the team has looked ahead into their data that hasn&#8217;t been publicly released (it would be stupid to think that they haven&#8217;t).  So, the big difference between these papers lies in how complete one thinks their look-ahead has been.  Traub was strict about his cut-off; CS perhaps more realistic if less statistically &#8220;sound&#8221;.  One shouldn&#8217;t hold out a lot of hope that true solar analogs with periods near 1 year around G stars will change these numbers very much as there are just too few such stars and we already know that a good fraction of them have solar systems completely unlike our own.</p>
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		<title>By: amphiox</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309436</link>
		<dc:creator>amphiox</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 01 Oct 2011 00:20:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309436</guid>
		<description>&lt;blockquote&gt;That’s not quite true though. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Yes it is. The post you were responding to was describing the whole earth, not just the surface. There is no life in the mantle, no life in the core. Even on the surface there are large swaths of Antartica that are sterile, and regions in the Atacamba desert that are sterile.

&lt;blockquote&gt;You can go anywhere from sub-zero frost to boiling sulphur springs and find life. There is even life kilometres below the earth’s surface.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

All these examples still constitute only a thin fracture of the surface crust of the earth. As extreme as they are from our &lt;i&gt;human&lt;/i&gt; perspective, even from the perspective of the rest of the earth, they are not extreme at all.

&lt;blockquote&gt;It may be that life on our planet prefers the cushy temperate zones- but life that evolved from different chemistries would not have the same requirements.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

But that begs the question, if it really is so easy for life to appear with such different chemistries, as to why life didn&#039;t evolve with these different chemistries &lt;i&gt;here on earth&lt;/i&gt; in those zones with those different requirements. Certainly it is not the life-as-we-know-it outcompeting them, since life-as-we-know-it does not and cannot survive in those parts of the earth.

And to reiterate, when you contemplate a voyage into the unknown, it is true that you should always keep an open mind about your destination. However, you must still &lt;i&gt;embark&lt;/i&gt; from a familiar port. There is no other way to do it.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>That’s not quite true though. </p></blockquote>
<p>Yes it is. The post you were responding to was describing the whole earth, not just the surface. There is no life in the mantle, no life in the core. Even on the surface there are large swaths of Antartica that are sterile, and regions in the Atacamba desert that are sterile.</p>
<blockquote><p>You can go anywhere from sub-zero frost to boiling sulphur springs and find life. There is even life kilometres below the earth’s surface.</p></blockquote>
<p>All these examples still constitute only a thin fracture of the surface crust of the earth. As extreme as they are from our <i>human</i> perspective, even from the perspective of the rest of the earth, they are not extreme at all.</p>
<blockquote><p>It may be that life on our planet prefers the cushy temperate zones- but life that evolved from different chemistries would not have the same requirements.</p></blockquote>
<p>But that begs the question, if it really is so easy for life to appear with such different chemistries, as to why life didn&#8217;t evolve with these different chemistries <i>here on earth</i> in those zones with those different requirements. Certainly it is not the life-as-we-know-it outcompeting them, since life-as-we-know-it does not and cannot survive in those parts of the earth.</p>
<p>And to reiterate, when you contemplate a voyage into the unknown, it is true that you should always keep an open mind about your destination. However, you must still <i>embark</i> from a familiar port. There is no other way to do it.</p>
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		<title>By: Gary Ansorge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309435</link>
		<dc:creator>Gary Ansorge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2011 21:23:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309435</guid>
		<description>48.   Bean Soup

&quot;… they won’t speak English as their native language.?

That&#039;s ok. We&#039;ll just give them our Universal Translator.

About the best definition I&#039;ve heard for life is &quot;any pattern of mass/energy that is both self sustaining and self replicating&quot;. That pretty much covers anything from solid state electronics to plasmas.

,,,and these squishy bags of water,,,

Gary 7</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>48.   Bean Soup</p>
<p>&#8220;… they won’t speak English as their native language.?</p>
<p>That&#8217;s ok. We&#8217;ll just give them our Universal Translator.</p>
<p>About the best definition I&#8217;ve heard for life is &#8220;any pattern of mass/energy that is both self sustaining and self replicating&#8221;. That pretty much covers anything from solid state electronics to plasmas.</p>
<p>,,,and these squishy bags of water,,,</p>
<p>Gary 7</p>
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		<title>By: Bean Soup</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309434</link>
		<dc:creator>Bean Soup</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2011 12:39:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309434</guid>
		<description>The assumption that life needs at least liquid water and an energy gradient isn’t based on the fact that we’re a bunch of watery meat-bags living cushy lives in the temperate zone; it’s based on expeditions to extreme environments. The planet Earth itself has all kinds of inhospitable areas, and they’re BARREN

==============================

That&#039;s not quite true though.  You can go anywhere from sub-zero frost to boiling sulphur springs and find life.  There is even life kilometres below the earth&#039;s surface.

There is bacteria found living (and mutating) on the external surfaces of our satellites.

Look at the humble waterbear that can survive all sorts of extremes- although granted needs more temperate environment to thrive and reproduce.

It may be that life on our planet prefers the cushy temperate zones- but life that evolved from different chemistries would not have the same requirements.




How to look for life that is different to ours when we don&#039;t know what it will be?  Look for the &quot;un-natural&quot;- look everywhere.  Look to see what seems to violate the norms.  There is most likely life out there- but it almost certainly doesn&#039;t look like us... and no matter what the sci-fi lovers would like to believe...

... they won&#039;t speak English as their native language.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The assumption that life needs at least liquid water and an energy gradient isn’t based on the fact that we’re a bunch of watery meat-bags living cushy lives in the temperate zone; it’s based on expeditions to extreme environments. The planet Earth itself has all kinds of inhospitable areas, and they’re BARREN</p>
<p>==============================</p>
<p>That&#8217;s not quite true though.  You can go anywhere from sub-zero frost to boiling sulphur springs and find life.  There is even life kilometres below the earth&#8217;s surface.</p>
<p>There is bacteria found living (and mutating) on the external surfaces of our satellites.</p>
<p>Look at the humble waterbear that can survive all sorts of extremes- although granted needs more temperate environment to thrive and reproduce.</p>
<p>It may be that life on our planet prefers the cushy temperate zones- but life that evolved from different chemistries would not have the same requirements.</p>
<p>How to look for life that is different to ours when we don&#8217;t know what it will be?  Look for the &#8220;un-natural&#8221;- look everywhere.  Look to see what seems to violate the norms.  There is most likely life out there- but it almost certainly doesn&#8217;t look like us&#8230; and no matter what the sci-fi lovers would like to believe&#8230;</p>
<p>&#8230; they won&#8217;t speak English as their native language.</p>
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		<title>By: Nigel Depledge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309433</link>
		<dc:creator>Nigel Depledge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2011 12:03:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309433</guid>
		<description>@ Dragonchild (24) -
Yes, that too.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@ Dragonchild (24) -<br />
Yes, that too.</p>
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		<title>By: Nigel Depledge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309432</link>
		<dc:creator>Nigel Depledge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2011 12:01:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309432</guid>
		<description>Bean Soup (20) said:
&lt;blockquote&gt;However, I can’t help but believe we will find that our code- DNA is not the centre of all life. Water may not be a requirement.

If there is life out there we could well turn out to be the exception not the norm as to how life is. There could be lots of life out there, we just don’t know where/how to look for it- because we’re busy trying to find our mirror image.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

OK, this is plausible, as far as it goes.  What do you suggest we do about it?  Stop looking for life that is like Earth life and start thinking about ways to detect life that is inconceivable to us?  How should we go about this?

The problem with life that is not as we know it is simply that - we don&#039;t know how to recognise it.  We still have trouble coming up with a definition of &quot;life&quot; that actually applies to all the life we do know about here on Earth.

In the meantime, I&#039;m quite happy that folks are seeking out new life elsewhere, on the basis that life out there might share some fundamental parameters with life here.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bean Soup (20) said:</p>
<blockquote><p>However, I can’t help but believe we will find that our code- DNA is not the centre of all life. Water may not be a requirement.</p>
<p>If there is life out there we could well turn out to be the exception not the norm as to how life is. There could be lots of life out there, we just don’t know where/how to look for it- because we’re busy trying to find our mirror image.</p></blockquote>
<p>OK, this is plausible, as far as it goes.  What do you suggest we do about it?  Stop looking for life that is like Earth life and start thinking about ways to detect life that is inconceivable to us?  How should we go about this?</p>
<p>The problem with life that is not as we know it is simply that &#8211; we don&#8217;t know how to recognise it.  We still have trouble coming up with a definition of &#8220;life&#8221; that actually applies to all the life we do know about here on Earth.</p>
<p>In the meantime, I&#8217;m quite happy that folks are seeking out new life elsewhere, on the basis that life out there might share some fundamental parameters with life here.</p>
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		<title>By: psweet</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2011/09/29/new-study-13-of-sun-like-stars-might-have-terrestrial-planets-in-their-habitable-zones/#comment-309431</link>
		<dc:creator>psweet</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2011 11:58:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=38342#comment-309431</guid>
		<description>Messier Tidy @43 -- I agree with you about using our politics for other critters on other planets.  But, if we have a billion or so to talk about, it seems nearly impossible that at least a few of them wouldn&#039;t be aggressive in some way.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Messier Tidy @43 &#8212; I agree with you about using our politics for other critters on other planets.  But, if we have a billion or so to talk about, it seems nearly impossible that at least a few of them wouldn&#8217;t be aggressive in some way.</p>
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