DISCOVER Magazine. Science, Technology and The Future
Current Issue
Subscribe Today »
  • Renew
  • Give a Gift
  • Archives
  • Customer Service
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Newsletter
  • Health & Medicine
  • Mind & Brain
  • Technology
  • Space
  • Human Origins
  • Living World
  • Environment
  • Physics & Math
  • Video
  • Photos
  • Podcast
  • RSS
Bad Astronomy
« Two lovely aurora time lapse videos
This is a galaxy »

Rosetta’s stunning Mars

In 2007, the European Space Agency probe passed by Mars on its way to visit a comet. It used Mars for a gravity assist to help it on its way, and got close enough to take some very detailed pictures (it also passed by the asteroid Lutetia and returned amazing shots; see the gallery at the bottom of this post). That data wasn’t initially released by the mission leader (that’s fairly common in some missions), but they were finally made available late last year. My pal Emily Lakdawalla from the Planetary Society Blog grabbed a bunch of them and put together some simply amazing pictures from them, including this jaw-dropper:

Yeah. You really want to click that to Barsoomenate it. Holy dry ice polar caps!

In fact, you should go over to her blog where she gives all the details and has more incredibly cool pictures of the Red Planet as well. I don’t want to spoil her fun by giving it all away here. Go!

Credit: ESA / MPS / UPD / LAM / IAA / RSSD / INTA / UPM / DASP / IDA / processed by Emily Lakdawalla


Related posts:

- Rosetta’s cometary goal now in sight
- Lutetia may have witnessed the birth of the Earth
- Curiosity on its way to Mars!

<span>On July 10, 2010, the European Space Agency probe Rosetta passed just 3162 km (1960 miles) from the asteroid <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_Lutetia" target="_blank">Lutetia</a>, a lumpy rock 130 km (81 miles) end-to-end. <br /><br />This image, taken at closest approach, shows how battered and worn Lutetia is. Craters pockmark the surface, including several that are many kilometers across. Like the Martian moon <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2010/03/31/more-incredible-phobos-imagery/" target="_blank">Phobos</a>, grooves line the surface, which may be from boulders rolling around, perhaps ejected from some of the craters when they were formed. They may alternatively be stress fractures from impacts; there is still a lively debate over what causes these features in small bodies.<br /><br />Much of the surface appears smooth, indicating great age for this object. Over billions of years it's been assaulted by dust grains moving at incredible speeds, as well as the solar wind. This has essentially sandblasted the surface, taking - literally - the edge off of the rims of craters. <br /><em><br /></em>We have very few high-resolution images of asteroids, and the more we get, the more we learn about them. Given that every now and again <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Death-Skies-Science-Behind-World/dp/B0035G02BI/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;qid=1278972215&amp;sr=1-2" target="_blank">we get hit by them</a>, I'm a big fan of understanding them better. <br /><br /><em>Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span><p>This series of pictures was taken as Rosetta approached Lutetia.</p>
<p>The first image in the upper left was taken about 9.5 hours before closest  approach, when Rosetta was still 510,000 km (315,000 miles) from the asteroid - more distant than the Moon is from the Earth!</p>
<p>The last image (lower right) was obtained an hour and a half before the close encounter when the probe was still 81,000 km (50,000 miles) from Lutetia.</p>
<p>In the first image, details only about 20 km (12 miles) across can be seen, but that improves by almost a factor of 10 in the last image!</p>
<p><span><em>Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span></p><span>This is the final sequence of images taken right at closest approach. The bottom right image was taken just at the moment that Rosetta passed Lutetia.<em><br /><br /><br />Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span>For the first time ever, a spacecraft approached closely enough to  the asteroid Lutetia to see its surface clearly. Craters dot the surface, as well as grooves. Note the elongated crater near the bottom (left of center); was that from a nearly horizontal impact? It's curious that it points almost directly to the crater to the left. That may just be coincidence; the surface is so cratered that some are bound to be in patterns just randomly.<br /><span><em><br />Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span>Another closeup of Lutetia's surface provided by Rosetta. In this shot, you  can again see a variety of craters peppering the asteroid, as well as some  grooves that follow the landscape. Those curves give a relative age for  the grooves: they must have formed <em>after</em> the impact crater on the right,  which distorted the landscape. Also, had they formed before, the impact  would have eradicated them. Images like this can give scientists a vast amount of insight into the history of the asteroid.<br /><span><em><br />Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span><span>After Rosetta passed Lutetia, its cameras were pointed back to the rock, and therefore back toward the inner solar system. That geometry gives us an amazing, brooding, and lovely view we never get from Earth: a crescent asteroid.<em> <br /><br />Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span><span>When Rosetta was still 36,000 km (22,000 miles) from Lutetia, it snapped this jaw-dropping shot of the asteroid with Saturn in the distant background. This means the spacecraft, the asteroid, and Saturn were almost exactly along the same line, a configuration that probably only lasted for a few seconds. It's remarkable that controllers on the ground were able to take this picture at just the right moment to obtain this amazing picture!<br /><em><br /><br />Credit: ESA 2010 MPS for OSIRIS Team. MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA</em></span>

Share

January 26th, 2012 6:52 AM Tags: Emily Lakdawalla, ESA, Mars, Rosetta, The Planetary Society
by Phil Plait in Astronomy, Pretty pictures | 12 comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

12 Responses to “Rosetta’s stunning Mars”

  1. 1.   uudale Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 8:04 am

    Speaking of Mars, has anyone seen this?:

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe8ECk73-98

  2. 2.   Chris Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 8:11 am

    That was really fascinating. Amazing that we’re living at a time when a spacecraft just casually passes by Mars, takes some photos and sneaks a peak at Jupiter while it’s there.

  3. 3.   Bobby LaVesh Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 10:07 am

    Fascinating photo. Certainly looks an interesting place; Mars could do with a few oceans though before I’d want to visit.

  4. 4.   Ryan Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 10:22 am

    Was just thinking of Mars this morning, maybe someone can explain something I’ve always wondered:

    Lots of people talk of Terraforming Mars some day, but isn’t there a big problem with her core being solid rock? Isn’t that the reason she lost her atmosphere in the first place, lacking a magnetic shield strong enough to counteract solar radiation?

    Say we were able to melt her ice caps and liquid water, while pumping CO2, Methane and oxygen into her atmosphere. Wouldn’t it only be temporary (although long in human terms) change?

  5. 5.   Mejilan Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 11:03 am

    I think I saw some evidence of carnage left behind by John Carter…
    But I can’t be sure. Perhaps on another fly-by…

  6. 6.   Tara Li Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 11:20 am

    @5 Mejilan:

    Perhaps it was the Little Green Spaceship located at about the 4:30 position just above the atmosphere?

  7. 7.   KC Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 11:45 am

    @Ryan –the core is iron & nickle just like the Earth’s. But the reason Mars lost its atmosphere is more that its too small and doesn’t have enough gravity to hold onto a substantial atmosphere. With no substantial magnetic field either, that does make it worse as the solar wind can strip away stuff in the upper atmosphere. So basically it is exacerbating an already bad situation.

    So if you did terraform Mars, you’d have to find a way to either replenish the atmosphere or create an artificial global magnetosphere – no mean feat!

  8. 8.   Ganzy Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 12:21 pm

    Phil, apologies for being off topic here:

    Youtube: Newt Gingrich promises US moon colony by 2020.

    Is this guy being genuine here? His past record on science issues don’t look too promising.

    Is it just a case of say anything to get into power and to hell with promises made… Any thoughts?

  9. 9.   Andrew Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 1:56 pm

    That last image of Lutetia, with a tiny Saturn in the background, is extraordinary. Just like the image through a small telescope. Hard to believe it is just hanging there in the sky with its rings!

  10. 10.   The Math Skeptic Says:
    January 26th, 2012 at 3:10 pm

    Also of note – yesterday was the eighth anniversary of the Opportunity rover landing on Mars.

  11. 11.   Messier Tidy Upper Says:
    January 27th, 2012 at 3:55 am

    Marvellous images there. Cheers! :-)

    @1. uudale : “Speaking of Mars, has anyone seen this?”

    I hadn’t yet – thanks for that! :-)

    @8. Ganzy : “Youtube: Newt Gingrich promises US moon colony by 2020.” .. Any thoughts?

    Seconding that myself. I saw something – just a headline really – on the news last night on that & was really hoping to see the Bad Astronomer’s take on that here too.

    @10. The Math Skeptic : Indeed. That was mentioned on the recent Mosaic of Home thread the other day too by (#19.) Eugene & I’ve linked my responding comment to my name here which, in turn, contains further links to the NASA press release on that anniversary and a musical tribute to the MERs plus their homepage for y’all. :-)

  12. 12.   Digital Atheist Says:
    January 27th, 2012 at 6:19 am

    @Mejilan

    I’m not sure about John Carter but it think I did see Tars Tarkas and the Tharks raiding a city.

Leave a Reply





    • About Bad Astronomy


      Phil Plait, the creator of Bad Astronomy, is an astronomer, lecturer, and author. After ten years working on Hubble Space Telescope and six more working on astronomy education, he struck out on his own as a writer. He's written two books, dozens of magazine articles, and 12 bazillion blog articles. He is a skeptic and fights the abuse of science, but his true love is praising the wonders of real science.


      The original BA site (with the Moon Hoax debunking, movie reviews, and all that) can be found here.


      Contact me: The Bad Astronomer "at" gmail "dot" com


       
      Keep Libel Laws out of Science
       
       Bad Astronomy was chosen as one of Time.com's Best Blogs of 2009.


    • Science Getaways


      Science Getaways: Vacation with your brain!


    • Subscribe to BA


      Subscribe to Bad Astronomy using RSS! RSS feed button


    • Death from the Skies!


      Order a copy of Death from the Skies! from Amazon, or Barnes and Noble.

      "If things worked the way I wanted them to, any reporter about to do another 'sensational' story on deadly meteors would consult this volume, and bang! common sense would find its way into the news. How strange would that world be?"
      -- Adam Savage, Mythbusters


      "Reading this book is like getting punched in the face by Carl Sagan. Frightening, but oddly exhilarating."
      -- Daniel H. Wilson, author of How to Survive a Robot Uprising


    • Recent Posts

      • Unconfirmed rumor: FTL neutrinos may be due to a faulty GPS connection
      • Wanna dispose of some sodium? Na.
      • Randall Munrion
      • The two tails of Comet Garradd
      • Super-Earth exoplanet likely to be a waterworld
    • Social/Networking/Cool Stuff


      Google+


       Twitter




       Facebook


    • Post Categories

    • Archives

    • Blogroll

      • Bad Astronomy (old site)
      • Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
      • BAFacts Archive
      • Commenting Policy
      • Computer Support
      • Contact Information
      • DM: 80 Beats
      • DM: Cosmic Variance
      • DM: Discoblog
      • DM: Gene Expression
      • DM: NERS
      • DM: Science Not Fiction
      • DM: The Intersection
      • DM: The Loom
      • James Randi Educational Foundation
      • My use of the word "denier"
      • Planetary Society Blog
      • Politics and Religion posts
      • Press Kit
      • Q&BA Archive
      • The Antivax Bible
      • Universe Today
    • RSS DISCOVERmagazine.com: Latest Articles on Space

      • How to Turn a Blazing-Hot Fusion Reactor Into a Sunny Paradise, in 10 Easy Steps | Discoblog
      • A Big Blue Swirl in the Ocean is a Sign of Microscopic Life | 80beats
      • Randall Munrion | Bad Astronomy
      • The two tails of Comet Garradd | Bad Astronomy
      • Super-Earth exoplanet likely to be a waterworld | Bad Astronomy
    • RSS DISCOVER Blogs: The Loom

      • The Hive Mind Reader: My Smithsonian profile of Thomas Seeley
      • Brain Cuttings Meets the Woes of the Ebook Business
      • Download the Universe: Deborah Blum reviews “The Elements”
      • Introducing Download the Universe: A new science ebook review
      • The hidden light: My new brain column in Discover


  • Kalmbach Publishing Co.

    Copyright © 2012, Kalmbach Publishing Co.

    Privacy - Terms - Reader Services - Subscribe Today - Advertise - About Us