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	<title>Comments on: Whooping cough outbreak in Boulder</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/</link>
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		<title>By: One Baby&#8217;s Battle with a Bacterial Infection Goes Viral &#171; Shot of Prevention</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328343</link>
		<dc:creator>One Baby&#8217;s Battle with a Bacterial Infection Goes Viral &#171; Shot of Prevention</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Apr 2012 15:12:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328343</guid>
		<description>[...] this very point in time, there are pertussis outbreaks in Washington state, as well as Wisconsin, Colorado and various other states.  People of all ages may currently be suffering with pertussis.  But [...] </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] this very point in time, there are pertussis outbreaks in Washington state, as well as Wisconsin, Colorado and various other states.  People of all ages may currently be suffering with pertussis.  But [...] </p>
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		<title>By: John Krehbiel</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328342</link>
		<dc:creator>John Krehbiel</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 15 Apr 2012 17:09:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328342</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m checking my booster status right away. Got a first grandbaby on the way.

Gee I hope I don&#039;t get TEH AUTIZZZMMMMZ!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m checking my booster status right away. Got a first grandbaby on the way.</p>
<p>Gee I hope I don&#8217;t get TEH AUTIZZZMMMMZ!</p>
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		<title>By: Chris2</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328341</link>
		<dc:creator>Chris2</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Apr 2012 19:37:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328341</guid>
		<description>Just to add to what JT said:  the immunity wanes even if you have had the actual disease.  So you will still need boosters.  See:

Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 May;24(5 Suppl):S58-61.
Duration of immunity against pertussis after natural infection or vaccination.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just to add to what JT said:  the immunity wanes even if you have had the actual disease.  So you will still need boosters.  See:</p>
<p>Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 May;24(5 Suppl):S58-61.<br />
Duration of immunity against pertussis after natural infection or vaccination.</p>
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		<title>By: JT</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328340</link>
		<dc:creator>JT</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Apr 2012 18:13:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328340</guid>
		<description>Although I was vaccinated for pertussis as a child, I did contract the disease a few years ago while in college. At that point, I was unaware that I was close-to-due for a booster shot, as were most of my friends, who (like me) had no concept of what having whooping cough actually means. In my case, I never learned where I got the illness, and luckily it didn&#039;t seem to spread onto my friends and family. The condition itself is dangerous, unpleasant, and disruptive of normal routines, if not worse. I hope that people will continue to raise awareness as to the importance of vaccinations in reducing incidence of this and other preventable conditions--so others don&#039;t continue to needlessly suffer!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Although I was vaccinated for pertussis as a child, I did contract the disease a few years ago while in college. At that point, I was unaware that I was close-to-due for a booster shot, as were most of my friends, who (like me) had no concept of what having whooping cough actually means. In my case, I never learned where I got the illness, and luckily it didn&#8217;t seem to spread onto my friends and family. The condition itself is dangerous, unpleasant, and disruptive of normal routines, if not worse. I hope that people will continue to raise awareness as to the importance of vaccinations in reducing incidence of this and other preventable conditions&#8211;so others don&#8217;t continue to needlessly suffer!</p>
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		<title>By: Nigel Depledge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328339</link>
		<dc:creator>Nigel Depledge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 14:24:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328339</guid>
		<description>ClayTwo (76) said:
&lt;blockquote&gt;In the United States, over half of the 2,480 compensation awards made made under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, which total more than $2 billion dollars, have involved brain inflammation and encephalopathy resulting in permanent brain damage associated with whole cell and acelullar pertussis vaccine in DPT and DtaP shots.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

So?

The so-called &quot;Vaccine Court&quot; has the lowest standards of evidence anywhere.  All they require for something to be decided is a smidge over 50% likelihood.

Most of the settlements in the &quot;Vaccine Court&quot; would not have had enough evidence to support a case in a criminal court.

And even fewer - perhaps actually zero - would have had enough evidence to support a scientific conclusion.

Also, consider this : is half of 2480 (i.e. 1240) a big number?  If this represents one month, or if it represents all applications of the DPT or DtaP vaccine, then it would be.  However, my suspicion is that those 1240 cases are out of several million (or several tens of millions of) doses of the vaccine.  Which is a damn sight better than the rate you might expect from the diseases that are prevented by the vaccine.

&lt;blockquote&gt;Previous research from Guinnea-Bissau demonstrated that a single dose of pertussis vaccine in DTP shots doubled the mortality rate in infants and more than quadrupled the mortality rate after the second and third DTP doses.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

[Citation needed]

&lt;blockquote&gt;A recent Danish study suggests many infant girls in Africa die after vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and that aluminum-derived adjuvants in the vaccine may play an important role. (Past studies have shown that pertussis toxin and endotoxin in whole cell pertussis vaccine are involved in the development of brain inflammation, shock and encephalopathy but the role of the aluminum adjuvant has been less clear).&lt;/blockquote&gt;

[Citation needed]

&lt;blockquote&gt;Mercury (thimerosal) preservatives and aluminum adjuvants are two additives commonly used in inactivated vaccines, including DPT vaccine. Although U.S. pertussis containing shots (DtaP/Tdap) no longer include mercury,&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Yes, and autism rates are rising despite the withdrawal of thimerosal.

&lt;blockquote&gt; they still contain aluminum. Mercury is used as a preservative and aluminum advjuvants are used to boost immune responses in an attempt to reduce the need for booster shots. However, both mercury and aluminum are known neurotoxins and can cause serious side effects when injected into the body.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

No.  Well, kind of.

But the way you have phrased this is misleading at best, and deliberately deceptive at worst.

No vaccine (AFAICT) has ever contained elemental mercury, which is indeed a neurotoxin.  Thimerosal is metabolised to ethyl mercury, which is rapidly cleared from the body.  The toxic dose of elemental mercury is quite high - the hazard lies mainly in the fact that elemental mercury is accumulated as methyl mercury in the body, so repeated (chronic) exposure leads to toxic effects.  Ethyl mercury does not do this.

As for aluminium, it largely depends on the salt form, and on the dose.  Aluminium is, in fact, &quot;remarkably non-toxic&quot; (source : Wikipedia&#039;s page on Aluminium).  In high doses it can cause neurotoxicity, but vaccine adjuvants do not count as high doses.

Also, if you lead a typical western lifestyle, you almost certainly smear yourself with aluminium chlorohydrate every single morning, because it is the active ingredient in antiperspirants.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>ClayTwo (76) said:</p>
<blockquote><p>In the United States, over half of the 2,480 compensation awards made made under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, which total more than $2 billion dollars, have involved brain inflammation and encephalopathy resulting in permanent brain damage associated with whole cell and acelullar pertussis vaccine in DPT and DtaP shots.</p></blockquote>
<p>So?</p>
<p>The so-called &#8220;Vaccine Court&#8221; has the lowest standards of evidence anywhere.  All they require for something to be decided is a smidge over 50% likelihood.</p>
<p>Most of the settlements in the &#8220;Vaccine Court&#8221; would not have had enough evidence to support a case in a criminal court.</p>
<p>And even fewer &#8211; perhaps actually zero &#8211; would have had enough evidence to support a scientific conclusion.</p>
<p>Also, consider this : is half of 2480 (i.e. 1240) a big number?  If this represents one month, or if it represents all applications of the DPT or DtaP vaccine, then it would be.  However, my suspicion is that those 1240 cases are out of several million (or several tens of millions of) doses of the vaccine.  Which is a damn sight better than the rate you might expect from the diseases that are prevented by the vaccine.</p>
<blockquote><p>Previous research from Guinnea-Bissau demonstrated that a single dose of pertussis vaccine in DTP shots doubled the mortality rate in infants and more than quadrupled the mortality rate after the second and third DTP doses.</p></blockquote>
<p>[Citation needed]</p>
<blockquote><p>A recent Danish study suggests many infant girls in Africa die after vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and that aluminum-derived adjuvants in the vaccine may play an important role. (Past studies have shown that pertussis toxin and endotoxin in whole cell pertussis vaccine are involved in the development of brain inflammation, shock and encephalopathy but the role of the aluminum adjuvant has been less clear).</p></blockquote>
<p>[Citation needed]</p>
<blockquote><p>Mercury (thimerosal) preservatives and aluminum adjuvants are two additives commonly used in inactivated vaccines, including DPT vaccine. Although U.S. pertussis containing shots (DtaP/Tdap) no longer include mercury,</p></blockquote>
<p>Yes, and autism rates are rising despite the withdrawal of thimerosal.</p>
<blockquote><p> they still contain aluminum. Mercury is used as a preservative and aluminum advjuvants are used to boost immune responses in an attempt to reduce the need for booster shots. However, both mercury and aluminum are known neurotoxins and can cause serious side effects when injected into the body.</p></blockquote>
<p>No.  Well, kind of.</p>
<p>But the way you have phrased this is misleading at best, and deliberately deceptive at worst.</p>
<p>No vaccine (AFAICT) has ever contained elemental mercury, which is indeed a neurotoxin.  Thimerosal is metabolised to ethyl mercury, which is rapidly cleared from the body.  The toxic dose of elemental mercury is quite high &#8211; the hazard lies mainly in the fact that elemental mercury is accumulated as methyl mercury in the body, so repeated (chronic) exposure leads to toxic effects.  Ethyl mercury does not do this.</p>
<p>As for aluminium, it largely depends on the salt form, and on the dose.  Aluminium is, in fact, &#8220;remarkably non-toxic&#8221; (source : Wikipedia&#8217;s page on Aluminium).  In high doses it can cause neurotoxicity, but vaccine adjuvants do not count as high doses.</p>
<p>Also, if you lead a typical western lifestyle, you almost certainly smear yourself with aluminium chlorohydrate every single morning, because it is the active ingredient in antiperspirants.</p>
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		<title>By: Nigel Depledge</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328338</link>
		<dc:creator>Nigel Depledge</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 12:16:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328338</guid>
		<description>Popeye (74) said:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Nope, not going. I’ve seen far too much evidence that they’re deliberately putting stuff in the vaccines that does in fact cause autism and other neurological disorders.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Come on then, don&#039;t just tease.

What evidence?

&lt;blockquote&gt; Just saying NO NO NO in bold font doesn’t change this.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Erm, no.

That&#039;s why we have bucketloads of epidemiological evidence to confirm that there is no significant link between (for instance) thimerosal and autism, or between the MMR vaccine and autism.  This is all in the scientific literature.

The anti-vax pro-disease crowd, OTOH, have precisely &lt;i&gt;zero&lt;/i&gt; evidence.

Of course, you claim otherwise.  So, ante up.

&lt;blockquote&gt; You got a problem with it, bring me and my boy to the doctor at the barrel of a gun.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

So, you do not admit even the remote possibility that people who study disease, and have done so for decades, might know more about it than you do?  I call that some huge arrogance.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Popeye (74) said:</p>
<blockquote><p>Nope, not going. I’ve seen far too much evidence that they’re deliberately putting stuff in the vaccines that does in fact cause autism and other neurological disorders.</p></blockquote>
<p>Come on then, don&#8217;t just tease.</p>
<p>What evidence?</p>
<blockquote><p> Just saying NO NO NO in bold font doesn’t change this.</p></blockquote>
<p>Erm, no.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s why we have bucketloads of epidemiological evidence to confirm that there is no significant link between (for instance) thimerosal and autism, or between the MMR vaccine and autism.  This is all in the scientific literature.</p>
<p>The anti-vax pro-disease crowd, OTOH, have precisely <i>zero</i> evidence.</p>
<p>Of course, you claim otherwise.  So, ante up.</p>
<blockquote><p> You got a problem with it, bring me and my boy to the doctor at the barrel of a gun.</p></blockquote>
<p>So, you do not admit even the remote possibility that people who study disease, and have done so for decades, might know more about it than you do?  I call that some huge arrogance.</p>
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		<title>By: Phillip Helbig</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328337</link>
		<dc:creator>Phillip Helbig</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 10:43:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328337</guid>
		<description>Mandatory vaccinations for everyone, exceptions for medical reasons only, no ifs, ands or buts.  If you don&#039;t openly support this you are also responsible for these deaths.  Taken to extremes, libertarianism kills babies.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mandatory vaccinations for everyone, exceptions for medical reasons only, no ifs, ands or buts.  If you don&#8217;t openly support this you are also responsible for these deaths.  Taken to extremes, libertarianism kills babies.</p>
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		<title>By: flip</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328336</link>
		<dc:creator>flip</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Apr 2012 06:14:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328336</guid>
		<description>@74 Popeye

[Citation needed] especially for that bit about &quot;deliberately&quot;.

@76 ClayTwo

Nobody says that vaccines are 100% safe. They do have many side effects, most minor but in some rare cases, severe. As usual anti-vaxxers (you) forget about risk/benefit analyses and would prefer millions of children suffer far more often and far more severe side effects from the actual diseases than from the vaccines which actually reduce illness and death.

As for the rest of your comment... try visiting some non-anti-vax sites. These comments about &#039;toxins&#039; have been dealt with a billion times before.

You didn&#039;t come here via Respectful Insolence did you? Sounds awfully familiar...

PS. If you wish to cite a study as proof, it&#039;s useful to actually post the title, authors, name of publication, etc. Instead of just alluding to it, since there are many studies out there on vaccines.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@74 Popeye</p>
<p>[Citation needed] especially for that bit about &#8220;deliberately&#8221;.</p>
<p>@76 ClayTwo</p>
<p>Nobody says that vaccines are 100% safe. They do have many side effects, most minor but in some rare cases, severe. As usual anti-vaxxers (you) forget about risk/benefit analyses and would prefer millions of children suffer far more often and far more severe side effects from the actual diseases than from the vaccines which actually reduce illness and death.</p>
<p>As for the rest of your comment&#8230; try visiting some non-anti-vax sites. These comments about &#8216;toxins&#8217; have been dealt with a billion times before.</p>
<p>You didn&#8217;t come here via Respectful Insolence did you? Sounds awfully familiar&#8230;</p>
<p>PS. If you wish to cite a study as proof, it&#8217;s useful to actually post the title, authors, name of publication, etc. Instead of just alluding to it, since there are many studies out there on vaccines.</p>
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		<title>By: ClayTwo</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328335</link>
		<dc:creator>ClayTwo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Apr 2012 23:58:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328335</guid>
		<description>In the United States, over half of the 2,480 compensation awards made made under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, which total more than $2 billion dollars, have involved brain inflammation and encephalopathy resulting in permanent brain damage associated with whole cell and acelullar pertussis vaccine in DPT and DtaP shots.
    Previous research from Guinnea-Bissau demonstrated that a single dose of pertussis vaccine in DTP shots doubled the mortality rate in infants and more than quadrupled the mortality rate after the second and third DTP doses.
    A recent Danish study suggests many infant girls in Africa die after vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and that aluminum-derived adjuvants in the vaccine may play an important role. (Past studies have shown that pertussis toxin and endotoxin in whole cell pertussis vaccine are involved in the development of brain inflammation, shock and encephalopathy but the role of the aluminum adjuvant has been less clear).
    Mercury (thimerosal) preservatives and aluminum adjuvants are two additives commonly used in inactivated vaccines, including DPT vaccine. Although U.S. pertussis containing shots (DtaP/Tdap) no longer include mercury, they still contain aluminum. Mercury is used as a preservative and aluminum advjuvants are used to boost immune responses in an attempt to reduce the need for booster shots. However, both mercury and aluminum are known neurotoxins and can cause serious side effects when injected into the body.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In the United States, over half of the 2,480 compensation awards made made under the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, which total more than $2 billion dollars, have involved brain inflammation and encephalopathy resulting in permanent brain damage associated with whole cell and acelullar pertussis vaccine in DPT and DtaP shots.<br />
    Previous research from Guinnea-Bissau demonstrated that a single dose of pertussis vaccine in DTP shots doubled the mortality rate in infants and more than quadrupled the mortality rate after the second and third DTP doses.<br />
    A recent Danish study suggests many infant girls in Africa die after vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and that aluminum-derived adjuvants in the vaccine may play an important role. (Past studies have shown that pertussis toxin and endotoxin in whole cell pertussis vaccine are involved in the development of brain inflammation, shock and encephalopathy but the role of the aluminum adjuvant has been less clear).<br />
    Mercury (thimerosal) preservatives and aluminum adjuvants are two additives commonly used in inactivated vaccines, including DPT vaccine. Although U.S. pertussis containing shots (DtaP/Tdap) no longer include mercury, they still contain aluminum. Mercury is used as a preservative and aluminum advjuvants are used to boost immune responses in an attempt to reduce the need for booster shots. However, both mercury and aluminum are known neurotoxins and can cause serious side effects when injected into the body.</p>
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		<title>By: Chris2</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2012/04/09/whooping-cough-outbreak-in-boulder/#comment-328334</link>
		<dc:creator>Chris2</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 11 Apr 2012 18:05:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/?p=47102#comment-328334</guid>
		<description>popeye:
&lt;blockquote&gt;I’ve seen far too much evidence that they’re deliberately putting stuff in the vaccines that does in fact cause autism and other neurological disorders.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Please provide the title, journal and date of the PubMed indexed papers with that evidence.  If you fail to provide actual scientific documentation to support the above statement we will know that you are just parroting the fact-free screeds of various websites.

And that you really do not understand the issues.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>popeye:</p>
<blockquote><p>I’ve seen far too much evidence that they’re deliberately putting stuff in the vaccines that does in fact cause autism and other neurological disorders.</p></blockquote>
<p>Please provide the title, journal and date of the PubMed indexed papers with that evidence.  If you fail to provide actual scientific documentation to support the above statement we will know that you are just parroting the fact-free screeds of various websites.</p>
<p>And that you really do not understand the issues.</p>
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