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	<title>Comments on: Hidden symmetries</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/</link>
	<description>Random samplings from a universe of ideas.</description>
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		<title>By: Ars Mathematica &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Symmetry Breaking</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5712</link>
		<dc:creator>Ars Mathematica &#187; Blog Archive &#187; Symmetry Breaking</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Nov 2005 05:15:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5712</guid>
		<description>[...] Sean at Cosmic Variance has written a nice introduction to symmetry breaking, one of the oddest (and most successful) ideas in particle physics. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Sean at Cosmic Variance has written a nice introduction to symmetry breaking, one of the oddest (and most successful) ideas in particle physics. [...]</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Clifford</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5711</link>
		<dc:creator>Clifford</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Oct 2005 18:16:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5711</guid>
		<description>I thought we were agreeing, in fact. I was just trying to point out to the casual, non-technical reader that the arguments made for non-condensation of fermions following from lorentz invariance and the ones made using statistics are not unconnected - in generic dimensions. I was just lending support and trying to connect things with a brief remark.... not disagreeing with anyone....

cheers,

-cvj</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I thought we were agreeing, in fact. I was just trying to point out to the casual, non-technical reader that the arguments made for non-condensation of fermions following from lorentz invariance and the ones made using statistics are not unconnected &#8211; in generic dimensions. I was just lending support and trying to connect things with a brief remark&#8230;. not disagreeing with anyone&#8230;.</p>
<p>cheers,</p>
<p>-cvj</p>
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		<title>By: Moshe</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5710</link>
		<dc:creator>Moshe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Oct 2005 16:32:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5710</guid>
		<description>Clifford,

Not sure we are agreeing here, my point was that even if you give up on Lorentz invariance (or on spin-statistics, as in low dimensional systems) fermions cannot condense. Basically, in Bose-Einstein condensation most of the particles occupy the same state, the lowest energy one, and fermions cannot do that by their statistics, no matter what their spin happens to be.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Clifford,</p>
<p>Not sure we are agreeing here, my point was that even if you give up on Lorentz invariance (or on spin-statistics, as in low dimensional systems) fermions cannot condense. Basically, in Bose-Einstein condensation most of the particles occupy the same state, the lowest energy one, and fermions cannot do that by their statistics, no matter what their spin happens to be.</p>
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		<title>By: Ben L</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5709</link>
		<dc:creator>Ben L</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Oct 2005 15:40:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5709</guid>
		<description>Yikes, I&#039;ve been thinking too much about SUSY recently. Of course Anonymous is right.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yikes, I&#8217;ve been thinking too much about SUSY recently. Of course Anonymous is right.</p>
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		<title>By: Sean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5708</link>
		<dc:creator>Sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Oct 2005 02:29:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5708</guid>
		<description>Leo -- what Ben said, as amended by Anonymous.  There just aren&#039;t any scalar fields in the SM that do the job -- indeed, we haven&#039;t detected any fundamental scalar fields at all!  Quark bilinears can condense, and do break the electroweak symmetry, but the numbers don&#039;t really work out, so we have to invent something new.

Of course, violating Lorentz invariance is possible, and even &lt;a href=&quot;http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/25/lorentz-invariance-and-you/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;interesting&lt;/a&gt;!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Leo &#8212; what Ben said, as amended by Anonymous.  There just aren&#8217;t any scalar fields in the SM that do the job &#8212; indeed, we haven&#8217;t detected any fundamental scalar fields at all!  Quark bilinears can condense, and do break the electroweak symmetry, but the numbers don&#8217;t really work out, so we have to invent something new.</p>
<p>Of course, violating Lorentz invariance is possible, and even <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/25/lorentz-invariance-and-you/" rel="nofollow">interesting</a>!</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Lorentz invariance and you &#124; Cosmic Variance</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5707</link>
		<dc:creator>Lorentz invariance and you &#124; Cosmic Variance</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Oct 2005 02:21:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5707</guid>
		<description>[...] Where were we? Ah yes, spontaneous symmetry breaking. When some field takes on a nonzero value even in empty space, and that field is affected by some symmetry transformation, the resulting symmetry is said to be &#8220;spontaneously broken,&#8221; and becomes hard for us to see directly. The classic example is the electroweak symmetry of the Standard Model, which is purportedly broken by a Higgs field that we have yet to directly detect. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Where were we? Ah yes, spontaneous symmetry breaking. When some field takes on a nonzero value even in empty space, and that field is affected by some symmetry transformation, the resulting symmetry is said to be &#8220;spontaneously broken,&#8221; and becomes hard for us to see directly. The classic example is the electroweak symmetry of the Standard Model, which is purportedly broken by a Higgs field that we have yet to directly detect. [...]</p>
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		<title>By: citrine</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5706</link>
		<dc:creator>citrine</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 23:31:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5706</guid>
		<description>On the topic of symmetries in the universe ...

http://www.molbio.wisc.edu/facstaff/Carroll.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On the topic of symmetries in the universe &#8230;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.molbio.wisc.edu/facstaff/Carroll.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.molbio.wisc.edu/facstaff/Carroll.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5705</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 18:54:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5705</guid>
		<description>Take a look at the Hill and Simmons technicolor review, http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0203079, page 14, if you don&#039;t believe me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Take a look at the Hill and Simmons technicolor review, <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0203079" rel="nofollow">http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0203079</a>, page 14, if you don&#8217;t believe me.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5704</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 18:49:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5704</guid>
		<description>Um.

In QCD there are many condensates. Chiral symmetry is broken by a quark condensate, &lt;q qbar&gt;. This breaks electroweak symmetry! The W and Z get a tiny mass in this way.

The observed W and Z masses are much bigger than the QCD scale, though. Hence technicolor, where a techniquark condensate might break electroweak symmetry.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Um.</p>
<p>In QCD there are many condensates. Chiral symmetry is broken by a quark condensate, &lt;q qbar&gt;. This breaks electroweak symmetry! The W and Z get a tiny mass in this way.</p>
<p>The observed W and Z masses are much bigger than the QCD scale, though. Hence technicolor, where a techniquark condensate might break electroweak symmetry.</p>
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		<title>By: Clifford</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5703</link>
		<dc:creator>Clifford</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 17:47:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5703</guid>
		<description>Yes.... and in case people are wondering...these two facts are connected by the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-statistics_theorem&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;spin-statistics theorem&lt;/a&gt;.

-cvj</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes&#8230;. and in case people are wondering&#8230;these two facts are connected by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-statistics_theorem" rel="nofollow">spin-statistics theorem</a>.</p>
<p>-cvj</p>
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		<title>By: Moshe</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5702</link>
		<dc:creator>Moshe</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 17:42:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5702</guid>
		<description>Actually, regardless of Lorentz symmetry, only Bosons can condense, as this requires macroscopic number of particles to occupy the same state (in Particle physics language).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actually, regardless of Lorentz symmetry, only Bosons can condense, as this requires macroscopic number of particles to occupy the same state (in Particle physics language).</p>
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		<title>By: Leo</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5701</link>
		<dc:creator>Leo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 17:13:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5701</guid>
		<description>Ahhh... Thanks for helping me with that!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ahhh&#8230; Thanks for helping me with that!</p>
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		<title>By: Ben L</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5700</link>
		<dc:creator>Ben L</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 16:33:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5700</guid>
		<description>Leo:

A fermion getting a vev on it&#039;s own would also violate Lorentz symmetry. You can have a *pair* of fermions form a Lorentz scalar and aquire a vev. In fact, this is known to happen in the theory of strong interations. Pairs of quarks and anti-quarks condense to get vevs of the form  and  which break the so-called chiral symmtery.

The problem with what you suggest is that the only Standard Model fermion with the right quantum numbers to break electroweak symmetry is the neutrino (well, all three of them). However, it takes a strong interaction to cause the fermion pairs  to condense and we know very, very well that neutrinos don&#039;t interact strongly with each other.

You could imagine that instead of introducing a new scalar, you put in some new fermions and a new interaction to make them condense. People have studied this possibility, which is called &quot;Technicolor&quot; for many years. It&#039;s very difficult to get everything to come out right, but it is one of the theories on our list of know possibilities for what we might see at the LHC.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Leo:</p>
<p>A fermion getting a vev on it&#8217;s own would also violate Lorentz symmetry. You can have a *pair* of fermions form a Lorentz scalar and aquire a vev. In fact, this is known to happen in the theory of strong interations. Pairs of quarks and anti-quarks condense to get vevs of the form  and  which break the so-called chiral symmtery.</p>
<p>The problem with what you suggest is that the only Standard Model fermion with the right quantum numbers to break electroweak symmetry is the neutrino (well, all three of them). However, it takes a strong interaction to cause the fermion pairs  to condense and we know very, very well that neutrinos don&#8217;t interact strongly with each other.</p>
<p>You could imagine that instead of introducing a new scalar, you put in some new fermions and a new interaction to make them condense. People have studied this possibility, which is called &#8220;Technicolor&#8221; for many years. It&#8217;s very difficult to get everything to come out right, but it is one of the theories on our list of know possibilities for what we might see at the LHC.</p>
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		<title>By: Plato</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5699</link>
		<dc:creator>Plato</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 14:20:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5699</guid>
		<description>In response to your &lt;a href=&quot;http://eskesthai.blogspot.com/2005/10/hidden-symmetries.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;hidden symmetries&lt;/a&gt;

It was not to hard to find that life cycles of &quot;energy and matter&quot; could have found itself portrayed in our cosmos. So some questions come to mind here.

Was there some overall &quot;geometrical expression&quot; lying at the heart of this expose&#039;?

Was there some quantum similarity that could &quot;arise from&quot; such expressions, might have found themselves in unification with those cosmological views?

While there was positive scenario revealled on our sense of GR of Riemann, there was negative results that formed in our views as a geoemtical expression as well. How would you portray these dynamcis if not within a cosmological palette, would suffice to create a dynamcial bulk teming with entities as expression oand continuace of this GR expression?


So while I am showing the ideas in a conceptual way, this might have a basis from which I am strugging to define further.

 While math exists quite readily in all these minds here, I see a lot of pictures and general concepts that have formed from your math. I am struggling on these as well.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In response to your <a href="http://eskesthai.blogspot.com/2005/10/hidden-symmetries.html" rel="nofollow">hidden symmetries</a></p>
<p>It was not to hard to find that life cycles of &#8220;energy and matter&#8221; could have found itself portrayed in our cosmos. So some questions come to mind here.</p>
<p>Was there some overall &#8220;geometrical expression&#8221; lying at the heart of this expose&#8217;?</p>
<p>Was there some quantum similarity that could &#8220;arise from&#8221; such expressions, might have found themselves in unification with those cosmological views?</p>
<p>While there was positive scenario revealled on our sense of GR of Riemann, there was negative results that formed in our views as a geoemtical expression as well. How would you portray these dynamcis if not within a cosmological palette, would suffice to create a dynamcial bulk teming with entities as expression oand continuace of this GR expression?</p>
<p>So while I am showing the ideas in a conceptual way, this might have a basis from which I am strugging to define further.</p>
<p> While math exists quite readily in all these minds here, I see a lot of pictures and general concepts that have formed from your math. I am struggling on these as well.</p>
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		<title>By: Leo</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5698</link>
		<dc:creator>Leo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 08:18:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5698</guid>
		<description>very nice, thanks Sean.

But for me one question remains: Why introduce a new (scalar) field that gets a vacuum expectation value? There are already plenty of fields around. I understand that a vector field can&#039;t get a vacuum value, because that would violate Lorentz symmetrie. But what about the fermion fields?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>very nice, thanks Sean.</p>
<p>But for me one question remains: Why introduce a new (scalar) field that gets a vacuum expectation value? There are already plenty of fields around. I understand that a vector field can&#8217;t get a vacuum value, because that would violate Lorentz symmetrie. But what about the fermion fields?</p>
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		<title>By: Uncle Al</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5697</link>
		<dc:creator>Uncle Al</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Oct 2005 00:49:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5697</guid>
		<description>What observation constrains gravitation to be Lorentz invariant?  The Equivalence Principle is only a postulate.   420+ years of testing

http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm Table 1

have not excluded chiral anisotropy of space (photons have zero rest mass  and no Higgs diddling re plane of polarization rotation over cosmic distances,).  Nobody has observed vacuum free fall of opposite parity test masses to detect a diastereotopic interaction with chiral space,

http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm Table II

Consider single crystal solid spheres of crystallographic opposite parity space group P3121 and P3221 quartz.  If there were a chiral anisotropy of space, each chirality would vacuum free fall along a minimum action trajectory, but the two trajectories would not be parallel.  An Eotvos experiment with opposite parity quartz test masses would be telling - and require three months of continuous observation. (Each crystal parity against fused silica are the controls.)

Given a diastereotopic interaction between chiral space and identical chemical composition opposite parity single crystal test masses, their conversions to an identical achiral state must have different enthalpies.  A right shoe does not fit on a left foot with the same energetics as a left shoe (or a sock) on a left foot.  Benzil, C6H5(C=O)(C=O)C6H5 is an achiral molecule that crystallizes in parity space groups P3121 or P3221 as does quartz.  Nominally flat benzil molecules are helically distorted in the solid state and homochirally so throughout a single crystal.  The melt is strictly achiral (not merely racemic).

http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/benzil.gif Stereogram of crystalline benzil, helix repeat unit

Racemic benzil powder enthalpy of fusion is a secondary standard for calorimeter calibration.  Thermodynamic melting occurs from 94.55 - 94.86 C. with 112.0 J/g enthalpy of fusion (or 110.6 J/g. Both values  are referenced. Sublimation must be controlled).

Signal amplitude will be modulated by the phase angle (local time of day) between Earth&#039;s inertial (spin) and gravitational (solar orbit) accelerations, plus the samples&#039; relative geographic orientation (north-south or east-west).  The experiment should be run with paired calorimeters.  The best geographic latitude is 45 degrees N or S, and best in the winter,

http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm Table III and Table IV

State of the art Eotvos balances are sensitive to 10-13 difference/average. By E=mc2, 10-13 g/g is 9 joules.  That is an 8% divergence from racemic benzil enthalpy of fusion.  A most extraordinary observation in physics - expensive apparatus, expensive test masses, three months to run - is a rapid inexpensive chemistry experiment.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is selective for weak interactions, and gravitation is the weakest interaction of all.  Mega-dollar Eotvos balance or undergrad p-chem lab, somebody should look!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What observation constrains gravitation to be Lorentz invariant?  The Equivalence Principle is only a postulate.   420+ years of testing</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm</a> Table 1</p>
<p>have not excluded chiral anisotropy of space (photons have zero rest mass  and no Higgs diddling re plane of polarization rotation over cosmic distances,).  Nobody has observed vacuum free fall of opposite parity test masses to detect a diastereotopic interaction with chiral space,</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm</a> Table II</p>
<p>Consider single crystal solid spheres of crystallographic opposite parity space group P3121 and P3221 quartz.  If there were a chiral anisotropy of space, each chirality would vacuum free fall along a minimum action trajectory, but the two trajectories would not be parallel.  An Eotvos experiment with opposite parity quartz test masses would be telling &#8211; and require three months of continuous observation. (Each crystal parity against fused silica are the controls.)</p>
<p>Given a diastereotopic interaction between chiral space and identical chemical composition opposite parity single crystal test masses, their conversions to an identical achiral state must have different enthalpies.  A right shoe does not fit on a left foot with the same energetics as a left shoe (or a sock) on a left foot.  Benzil, C6H5(C=O)(C=O)C6H5 is an achiral molecule that crystallizes in parity space groups P3121 or P3221 as does quartz.  Nominally flat benzil molecules are helically distorted in the solid state and homochirally so throughout a single crystal.  The melt is strictly achiral (not merely racemic).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/benzil.gif" rel="nofollow">http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/benzil.gif</a> Stereogram of crystalline benzil, helix repeat unit</p>
<p>Racemic benzil powder enthalpy of fusion is a secondary standard for calorimeter calibration.  Thermodynamic melting occurs from 94.55 &#8211; 94.86 C. with 112.0 J/g enthalpy of fusion (or 110.6 J/g. Both values  are referenced. Sublimation must be controlled).</p>
<p>Signal amplitude will be modulated by the phase angle (local time of day) between Earth&#8217;s inertial (spin) and gravitational (solar orbit) accelerations, plus the samples&#8217; relative geographic orientation (north-south or east-west).  The experiment should be run with paired calorimeters.  The best geographic latitude is 45 degrees N or S, and best in the winter,</p>
<p><a href="http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm" rel="nofollow">http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/lajos.htm</a> Table III and Table IV</p>
<p>State of the art Eotvos balances are sensitive to 10-13 difference/average. By E=mc2, 10-13 g/g is 9 joules.  That is an 8% divergence from racemic benzil enthalpy of fusion.  A most extraordinary observation in physics &#8211; expensive apparatus, expensive test masses, three months to run &#8211; is a rapid inexpensive chemistry experiment.</p>
<p>Spontaneous symmetry breaking is selective for weak interactions, and gravitation is the weakest interaction of all.  Mega-dollar Eotvos balance or undergrad p-chem lab, somebody should look!</p>
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		<title>By: Dave Bacon</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5696</link>
		<dc:creator>Dave Bacon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Oct 2005 20:35:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5696</guid>
		<description>Strada is great.  I wrote about half of my thesis there.  Of much greater significance is that a key insight which lay the foundations for Wiles&#039; proof of Fermat&#039;s last theorem was made by a mathematician while sitting at Strada.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Strada is great.  I wrote about half of my thesis there.  Of much greater significance is that a key insight which lay the foundations for Wiles&#8217; proof of Fermat&#8217;s last theorem was made by a mathematician while sitting at Strada.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: agm</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/comment-page-1/#comment-5695</link>
		<dc:creator>agm</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Oct 2005 19:55:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2005/10/24/hidden-symmetries/#comment-5695</guid>
		<description>Interesting Exposition. Thanks.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting Exposition. Thanks.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
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