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	<title>Comments on: The Screwy Universe</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/</link>
	<description>Random samplings from a universe of ideas.</description>
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		<title>By: Thomas Dent</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16931</link>
		<dc:creator>Thomas Dent</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jun 2006 22:53:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16931</guid>
		<description>Been travelling and missed most of the debate.

I still think &#039;smelling&#039; is bogus, and borders on insulting, given the careful work that has gone into the alpha and mu results. Some types of new physics are more fashionable than others, that&#039;s surely true, and the majority has the dubious privilege of saying that the 3.5 sigma deviations that the minority sometimes work on &#039;smell wrong&#039;. And the majority sometimes ends up working on the LEP so-called &#039;Higgs&#039;, or the muon magnetic moment, or CP asymmetries in B physics, all of which are (so far) not new physics either, by any sane definition.

Now most particle physicists are indeed looking towards LHC, which is a quite rational thing to do, but that doesn&#039;t mean Nature must be generous enough to give us a nice new discovery there. The thing is to be as prepared as possible for whatever is going to be thrown at us, which may come in the LHC, or somewhere completely different. Since the LHC will throw out a lotttt of data, simply by power of numbers it requires the most preparation.

There is simply no reason why anyone should place weight on a theorist&#039;s &#039;intuition&#039; about debatable experimental results. The only way to find out if such a result is right or wrong is - do more experiments.

&#039;Smelling&#039; and &#039;intuition&#039; about what are experimentally determinable facts are simply exhibitions of the theorist&#039;s prejudices. Naturally the theorist is sometimes right and sometimes wrong... then he can repeat the story of when he was right, and forget the times he was wrong.

Remember the muon - &#039;Who ordered that?&#039; The existence of three families is an awkward and messy fact that doesn&#039;t explain anything nicely, and caused a lot of theoretical problems, most of which are still unsolved. Three families smells terrible from almost every angle - but it is an experimental fact.

The cosmological constant also smells awful theoretically, with our current level of (lack of) understanding, unless you are prepared to accept some rather shaky anthropic type reasoning.

Now, it is not so much work to read up about how the alpha and mu results were obtained and what the possible problems with them actually are, then you might come to some sort of informed opinion, using the brain rather than the nose.

E.g. http://www.physik.uni-bielefeld.de/igs/schools/cosmology/cosmo-schedule.html for an elementary start.

Now to work.

Comparison of alpha and mu variations is very model dependent. The mu data are only at two redshifts and don&#039;t allow the drawing of any trend line. The alpha data don&#039;t show a clear trend although their average is significantly different from null. There is no pattern given present data. A linear variation with time (assuming that the value is spatially homogeneous) doesn&#039;t fit both Oklo and varying alpha. Neither does a linear variation with redshift. Anyway Oklo should be redone to take into account variation in nuclear physics parameters (not just alpha) but that is a mess because of nuclear physics being generally messy.

Thomas</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Been travelling and missed most of the debate.</p>
<p>I still think &#8217;smelling&#8217; is bogus, and borders on insulting, given the careful work that has gone into the alpha and mu results. Some types of new physics are more fashionable than others, that&#8217;s surely true, and the majority has the dubious privilege of saying that the 3.5 sigma deviations that the minority sometimes work on &#8217;smell wrong&#8217;. And the majority sometimes ends up working on the LEP so-called &#8216;Higgs&#8217;, or the muon magnetic moment, or CP asymmetries in B physics, all of which are (so far) not new physics either, by any sane definition.</p>
<p>Now most particle physicists are indeed looking towards LHC, which is a quite rational thing to do, but that doesn&#8217;t mean Nature must be generous enough to give us a nice new discovery there. The thing is to be as prepared as possible for whatever is going to be thrown at us, which may come in the LHC, or somewhere completely different. Since the LHC will throw out a lotttt of data, simply by power of numbers it requires the most preparation.</p>
<p>There is simply no reason why anyone should place weight on a theorist&#8217;s &#8216;intuition&#8217; about debatable experimental results. The only way to find out if such a result is right or wrong is &#8211; do more experiments.</p>
<p>&#8216;Smelling&#8217; and &#8216;intuition&#8217; about what are experimentally determinable facts are simply exhibitions of the theorist&#8217;s prejudices. Naturally the theorist is sometimes right and sometimes wrong&#8230; then he can repeat the story of when he was right, and forget the times he was wrong.</p>
<p>Remember the muon &#8211; &#8216;Who ordered that?&#8217; The existence of three families is an awkward and messy fact that doesn&#8217;t explain anything nicely, and caused a lot of theoretical problems, most of which are still unsolved. Three families smells terrible from almost every angle &#8211; but it is an experimental fact.</p>
<p>The cosmological constant also smells awful theoretically, with our current level of (lack of) understanding, unless you are prepared to accept some rather shaky anthropic type reasoning.</p>
<p>Now, it is not so much work to read up about how the alpha and mu results were obtained and what the possible problems with them actually are, then you might come to some sort of informed opinion, using the brain rather than the nose.</p>
<p>E.g. <a href="http://www.physik.uni-bielefeld.de/igs/schools/cosmology/cosmo-schedule.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.physik.uni-bielefeld.de/igs/schools/cosmology/cosmo-schedule.html</a> for an elementary start.</p>
<p>Now to work.</p>
<p>Comparison of alpha and mu variations is very model dependent. The mu data are only at two redshifts and don&#8217;t allow the drawing of any trend line. The alpha data don&#8217;t show a clear trend although their average is significantly different from null. There is no pattern given present data. A linear variation with time (assuming that the value is spatially homogeneous) doesn&#8217;t fit both Oklo and varying alpha. Neither does a linear variation with redshift. Anyway Oklo should be redone to take into account variation in nuclear physics parameters (not just alpha) but that is a mess because of nuclear physics being generally messy.</p>
<p>Thomas</p>
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		<title>By: JoAnne</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16907</link>
		<dc:creator>JoAnne</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jun 2006 05:53:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16907</guid>
		<description>Sean says:  &quot;It was the only time in my life when I worked feverishly over the course of a couple of days to write a paper from scratch.&quot;

Ah....that&#039;s what happens when there is DATA!!  Counting down desperately to the LHC....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sean says:  &#8220;It was the only time in my life when I worked feverishly over the course of a couple of days to write a paper from scratch.&#8221;</p>
<p>Ah&#8230;.that&#8217;s what happens when there is DATA!!  Counting down desperately to the LHC&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>By: Sean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16908</link>
		<dc:creator>Sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jun 2006 04:47:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16908</guid>
		<description>The essence is that some people thought there was evidence for the universe having a handedness, but those people were not right.  (To be careful:  we&#039;ve known for some time that some particle interactions, specifically the weak nuclear force, definitely exhibit a handedness -- they violate parity.  But there is no evidence that space itself has any such property.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The essence is that some people thought there was evidence for the universe having a handedness, but those people were not right.  (To be careful:  we&#8217;ve known for some time that some particle interactions, specifically the weak nuclear force, definitely exhibit a handedness &#8212; they violate parity.  But there is no evidence that space itself has any such property.)</p>
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		<title>By: g randy primm</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16930</link>
		<dc:creator>g randy primm</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 05 Jun 2006 04:34:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16930</guid>
		<description>i&#039;m just an ignorant bystander, but i&#039;m going to open my big yap anyway:

if i understand this discussion at all, it may be the case that the universe has an inherent &quot;handedness.&quot;

what the cause may be is poorly understood (if at all), but this handedness exists, nonetheless.

is this the essence of the discussion?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>i&#8217;m just an ignorant bystander, but i&#8217;m going to open my big yap anyway:</p>
<p>if i understand this discussion at all, it may be the case that the universe has an inherent &#8220;handedness.&#8221;</p>
<p>what the cause may be is poorly understood (if at all), but this handedness exists, nonetheless.</p>
<p>is this the essence of the discussion?</p>
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		<title>By: Sean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16929</link>
		<dc:creator>Sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Jun 2006 16:17:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16929</guid>
		<description>Shantanu, it would imply Lorentz violation of some sort, which may or may not take the form of a vector field.  But more likely it&#039;s just not right; it seems hard to make it consistent with other experimental bounds.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Shantanu, it would imply Lorentz violation of some sort, which may or may not take the form of a vector field.  But more likely it&#8217;s just not right; it seems hard to make it consistent with other experimental bounds.</p>
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		<title>By: Shantanu</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16928</link>
		<dc:creator>Shantanu</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 04 Jun 2006 04:08:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16928</guid>
		<description>Sean, if the results of &lt;a href=&quot;http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0511160&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;
this &lt;/a&gt; are true, would that imply  the existence of a vector field?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sean, if the results of <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0511160" rel="nofollow"><br />
this </a> are true, would that imply  the existence of a vector field?</p>
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		<title>By: Subhendra Mohanty</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16927</link>
		<dc:creator>Subhendra Mohanty</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jun 2006 14:12:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16927</guid>
		<description>Sean,
     Thanks for the reference. I checked  the citations of this paper to see if some-one actually has used the WMAP data for putting some bounds and found a recent paper ( astro-ph/0601095 - acccepted in PRL) in which they claim that there is a  signal(!)for a non-zero external vector field which couples to photons, from the WMAP+Boomerang data.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sean,<br />
     Thanks for the reference. I checked  the citations of this paper to see if some-one actually has used the WMAP data for putting some bounds and found a recent paper ( astro-ph/0601095 &#8211; acccepted in PRL) in which they claim that there is a  signal(!)for a non-zero external vector field which couples to photons, from the WMAP+Boomerang data.</p>
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		<title>By: The Uninitiated</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16926</link>
		<dc:creator>The Uninitiated</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jun 2006 21:51:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16926</guid>
		<description>I get it now.  Thanks for clarifying, Sean!  It&#039;s one of your great talents.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I get it now.  Thanks for clarifying, Sean!  It&#8217;s one of your great talents.</p>
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		<title>By: Sean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16925</link>
		<dc:creator>Sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jun 2006 21:47:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16925</guid>
		<description>Uninitiated, sure, the cosmological rest frame and the entropy gradient definitely do define a direction in spacetime, at least on average over large scales.  But that&#039;s due to the evolution of matter fields; I was imagining a vector that would exist even in vacuum.

Joshua, I haven&#039;t been following the debates closely, although I have talked a bit with Jacobson about this.  I also tend to worry about superluminal propagation, but someone needs to sit down and show what would actually go wrong.  I think Eugene is working on this, actually.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Uninitiated, sure, the cosmological rest frame and the entropy gradient definitely do define a direction in spacetime, at least on average over large scales.  But that&#8217;s due to the evolution of matter fields; I was imagining a vector that would exist even in vacuum.</p>
<p>Joshua, I haven&#8217;t been following the debates closely, although I have talked a bit with Jacobson about this.  I also tend to worry about superluminal propagation, but someone needs to sit down and show what would actually go wrong.  I think Eugene is working on this, actually.</p>
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		<title>By: Sean</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/comment-page-1/#comment-16924</link>
		<dc:creator>Sean</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jun 2006 21:44:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2006/05/31/the-screwy-universe/#comment-16924</guid>
		<description>Subhendra, thanks for writing.  The CMB is certainly a promising place to look; but I doubt at this point that the limits are very good, just because the errors on the polarization angles are quite large.  (And the *distance* to the CMB isn&#039;t that much more than to a high-redshift galaxy, even if the redshift is much greater.)  I don&#039;t know if anyone has actually looked at the limits, but I know that people did anticipate the possibility:

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9812088</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Subhendra, thanks for writing.  The CMB is certainly a promising place to look; but I doubt at this point that the limits are very good, just because the errors on the polarization angles are quite large.  (And the *distance* to the CMB isn&#8217;t that much more than to a high-redshift galaxy, even if the redshift is much greater.)  I don&#8217;t know if anyone has actually looked at the limits, but I know that people did anticipate the possibility:</p>
<p><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9812088" rel="nofollow">http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9812088</a></p>
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