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	<title>Comments on: Happy 2007</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/</link>
	<description>Random samplings from a universe of ideas.</description>
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		<title>By: JoAnne</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23594</link>
		<dc:creator>JoAnne</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 2007 20:23:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23594</guid>
		<description>Seth:  Frankly, I don&#039;t expect any results on searches for new physics from the LHC until 2009.  The 14 TeV run is now slated to begin in summer 08  - it might be delayed, and even if not it will take you guys most of the 08 run to calibrate the detectors.  For example, we&#039;ve never seen 3 TeV jets before and it&#039;s going to take awhile to learn how to measure them!  So, contrary to your belief, there are many of us theorists who are completely realistic about the start-up.

Nonetheless, this realism does not diminish my excitement that the LHC is turning on!  This year!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Seth:  Frankly, I don&#8217;t expect any results on searches for new physics from the LHC until 2009.  The 14 TeV run is now slated to begin in summer 08  &#8211; it might be delayed, and even if not it will take you guys most of the 08 run to calibrate the detectors.  For example, we&#8217;ve never seen 3 TeV jets before and it&#8217;s going to take awhile to learn how to measure them!  So, contrary to your belief, there are many of us theorists who are completely realistic about the start-up.</p>
<p>Nonetheless, this realism does not diminish my excitement that the LHC is turning on!  This year!</p>
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		<title>By: Seth</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23595</link>
		<dc:creator>Seth</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 2007 19:03:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23595</guid>
		<description>Bob: I&#039;m one of the people working on one of the detectors, so you can bet I&#039;ll be excited.  The 900 GeV run will certainly be very useful, although it won&#039;t let us do all the calibration we would like&#8212;for example, there won&#039;t be enough W&#039;s to do anything useful with, so that&#039;ll have to wait for full energy.

What I&#039;m trying to talk people out of is the impression that the accelerator will start up and data will come pouring out.  I&#039;ve heard a lot from various theorists about the accelerator starting in 2007, and the fact that no data is coming with it immediately is usually a footnote at best.  We&#039;re already hearing jokes about the LHC being delayed; I&#039;m hoping those don&#039;t turn into complaints if it gets to May 2008 and we&#039;re still waiting to make sense of the detectors before we publish.

Getting this stuff up and working takes time.  How much, exactly, we have no way of knowing.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bob: I&#8217;m one of the people working on one of the detectors, so you can bet I&#8217;ll be excited.  The 900 GeV run will certainly be very useful, although it won&#8217;t let us do all the calibration we would like&mdash;for example, there won&#8217;t be enough W&#8217;s to do anything useful with, so that&#8217;ll have to wait for full energy.</p>
<p>What I&#8217;m trying to talk people out of is the impression that the accelerator will start up and data will come pouring out.  I&#8217;ve heard a lot from various theorists about the accelerator starting in 2007, and the fact that no data is coming with it immediately is usually a footnote at best.  We&#8217;re already hearing jokes about the LHC being delayed; I&#8217;m hoping those don&#8217;t turn into complaints if it gets to May 2008 and we&#8217;re still waiting to make sense of the detectors before we publish.</p>
<p>Getting this stuff up and working takes time.  How much, exactly, we have no way of knowing.</p>
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		<title>By: JoAnne</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23602</link>
		<dc:creator>JoAnne</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 2007 06:45:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23602</guid>
		<description>Brian:  right on!  We are expecting many great experimental results this year!  I am especially anxious to hear the long-awaited results from MiniBoone....I will also be especially anxious during the launch of GLAST.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Brian:  right on!  We are expecting many great experimental results this year!  I am especially anxious to hear the long-awaited results from MiniBoone&#8230;.I will also be especially anxious during the launch of GLAST.</p>
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		<title>By: Bob</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23603</link>
		<dc:creator>Bob</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 2007 04:14:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23603</guid>
		<description>Seth:  I can assure you that there will be at least a few thousand people who will get very excited if we have collisions by the end of 2007.  As JoAnne said, there are a lot of people who have been waiting for this moment.  Yeah, it might only be at 900 GeV for the first run, but eveyone who has worked on getting the accelerator and the detectors up and running will be very excited.

Before we will be able to say that we are seeing something &lt;strong&gt;new&lt;/strong&gt; we will have to be able to see the &quot;old&quot; physics.  Well, at 900 GeV it is pretty much guaranteed to be old.  Thus the data that we will record at the end of this year will serve as a very good testbed.   This should help the rapid analysis of the 14 TeV data in early 2008.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Seth:  I can assure you that there will be at least a few thousand people who will get very excited if we have collisions by the end of 2007.  As JoAnne said, there are a lot of people who have been waiting for this moment.  Yeah, it might only be at 900 GeV for the first run, but eveyone who has worked on getting the accelerator and the detectors up and running will be very excited.</p>
<p>Before we will be able to say that we are seeing something <strong>new</strong> we will have to be able to see the &#8220;old&#8221; physics.  Well, at 900 GeV it is pretty much guaranteed to be old.  Thus the data that we will record at the end of this year will serve as a very good testbed.   This should help the rapid analysis of the 14 TeV data in early 2008.</p>
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		<title>By: Brian</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23604</link>
		<dc:creator>Brian</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Jan 2007 04:05:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23604</guid>
		<description>2007 and 2008 will both be very exciting years because of a number intiguing experimnents.  True, the LHC will be the crown jewel, but as Garth points out, for instance, we will hear the results from Gravity Probe B.

I am also very interested in following GLAST, Planck, Herschel, EUSO, MINIBOONE, MINOS, CNGS, IceCube, Antares, Anita, BOREXINO, LMT, 21cma, and the improved Hubbel.

This should be a lot of fun!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2007 and 2008 will both be very exciting years because of a number intiguing experimnents.  True, the LHC will be the crown jewel, but as Garth points out, for instance, we will hear the results from Gravity Probe B.</p>
<p>I am also very interested in following GLAST, Planck, Herschel, EUSO, MINIBOONE, MINOS, CNGS, IceCube, Antares, Anita, BOREXINO, LMT, 21cma, and the improved Hubbel.</p>
<p>This should be a lot of fun!</p>
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		<title>By: Garth</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23596</link>
		<dc:creator>Garth</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2007 16:59:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23596</guid>
		<description>Happy 2007 - The Gravity Probe B results are to be finalised and published in April.

Garth</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Happy 2007 &#8211; The Gravity Probe B results are to be finalised and published in April.</p>
<p>Garth</p>
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		<title>By: nc</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23597</link>
		<dc:creator>nc</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2007 13:03:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23597</guid>
		<description>Amanda: Ptolemy&#039;s epicycles the best analogy.

Whatever problems Ptolemy found in his model, he just added further correction factors by introducing new epicycles.  Instead of calling these ad hoc modifications fiddles, they were regarded as real discoveries about nature.  Every experimental disagreement with the existing theory was presented as part of the &#039;learning curve&#039; about nature.

Nobody was allowed to throw out the theory, so they never did (until a replacement had been developed).  Instead, everytime a discrepancy was found it was turned into a positive, constructive contribution by adding further ad hoc fiddles to the theory to compensate.  There was no incentive to come up with a better theory, it was quite the opposite.

When a better theory did come along, it was first quite wrong in detail itself (Copernicus had circular orbits and twice as many epicycles as Ptolemy, 80 versus just 40 - contrary to many popular accounts which lie about the historical facts in order to justify Copernicus using false reasons).  It took 187 years to sort out the main details properly (Copernicus, 1500 - Newton, 1687):

&#039;Scientists have thick skins. They do not abandon a theory merely because facts contradict it. ... History of science, of course, is full of accounts of how crucial experiments allegedly killed theories. But such accounts are fabricated long after the theory had been abandoned. ... What really count are dramatic, unexpected, stunning predictions: a few of them are enough to tilt the balance; where theory lags behind the facts, we are dealing with miserable degenerating research programmes. Now, how do scientific revolutions come about? If we have two rival research programmes, and one is progressing while the other is degenerating, scientists tend to join the progressive programme. This is the rationale of scientific revolutions. ... Criticism is not a Popperian quick kill, by refutation. Important criticism is always constructive: there is no refutation without a better theory. Kuhn is wrong in thinking that scientific revolutions are sudden, irrational changes in vision. The history of science refutes both Popper and Kuhn: on close inspection both Popperian crucial experiments and Kuhnian revolutions turn out to be myths: what normally happens is that progressive research programmes replace degenerating ones.&#039;

â€&quot; Imre Lakatos, Science and Pseudo-Science, pages 96-102 of Godfrey Vesey (editor), Philosophy in the Open, Open University Press, Milton Keynes, 1974.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Amanda: Ptolemy&#8217;s epicycles the best analogy.</p>
<p>Whatever problems Ptolemy found in his model, he just added further correction factors by introducing new epicycles.  Instead of calling these ad hoc modifications fiddles, they were regarded as real discoveries about nature.  Every experimental disagreement with the existing theory was presented as part of the &#8216;learning curve&#8217; about nature.</p>
<p>Nobody was allowed to throw out the theory, so they never did (until a replacement had been developed).  Instead, everytime a discrepancy was found it was turned into a positive, constructive contribution by adding further ad hoc fiddles to the theory to compensate.  There was no incentive to come up with a better theory, it was quite the opposite.</p>
<p>When a better theory did come along, it was first quite wrong in detail itself (Copernicus had circular orbits and twice as many epicycles as Ptolemy, 80 versus just 40 &#8211; contrary to many popular accounts which lie about the historical facts in order to justify Copernicus using false reasons).  It took 187 years to sort out the main details properly (Copernicus, 1500 &#8211; Newton, 1687):</p>
<p>&#8216;Scientists have thick skins. They do not abandon a theory merely because facts contradict it. &#8230; History of science, of course, is full of accounts of how crucial experiments allegedly killed theories. But such accounts are fabricated long after the theory had been abandoned. &#8230; What really count are dramatic, unexpected, stunning predictions: a few of them are enough to tilt the balance; where theory lags behind the facts, we are dealing with miserable degenerating research programmes. Now, how do scientific revolutions come about? If we have two rival research programmes, and one is progressing while the other is degenerating, scientists tend to join the progressive programme. This is the rationale of scientific revolutions. &#8230; Criticism is not a Popperian quick kill, by refutation. Important criticism is always constructive: there is no refutation without a better theory. Kuhn is wrong in thinking that scientific revolutions are sudden, irrational changes in vision. The history of science refutes both Popper and Kuhn: on close inspection both Popperian crucial experiments and Kuhnian revolutions turn out to be myths: what normally happens is that progressive research programmes replace degenerating ones.&#8217;</p>
<p>â€&#8221; Imre Lakatos, Science and Pseudo-Science, pages 96-102 of Godfrey Vesey (editor), Philosophy in the Open, Open University Press, Milton Keynes, 1974.</p>
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		<title>By: amanda</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23598</link>
		<dc:creator>amanda</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2007 05:09:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23598</guid>
		<description>I won&#039;t believe any results from the LHC until they have been confirmed by an independent accelerator.

Who&#039;s to say they won&#039;t get paid off by the supersymmetry mafia to put out simulated data with squarks and sleptons?  Kind of like they did with the fake moon landings?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I won&#8217;t believe any results from the LHC until they have been confirmed by an independent accelerator.</p>
<p>Who&#8217;s to say they won&#8217;t get paid off by the supersymmetry mafia to put out simulated data with squarks and sleptons?  Kind of like they did with the fake moon landings?</p>
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		<title>By: Seth</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23599</link>
		<dc:creator>Seth</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2007 04:52:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23599</guid>
		<description>I&#039;d save my excitement for 2008.  Even if the LHC project keeps to its current schedule, there&#039;s no results coming until then.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;d save my excitement for 2008.  Even if the LHC project keeps to its current schedule, there&#8217;s no results coming until then.</p>
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		<title>By: Aaron</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/comment-page-1/#comment-23600</link>
		<dc:creator>Aaron</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Jan 2007 04:28:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2007/01/01/happy-2007/#comment-23600</guid>
		<description>Huzzah!!! Now we can finally see that pesky Higgs, and/or create a ravenous horde of world-devouring black holes! ;)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Huzzah!!! Now we can finally see that pesky Higgs, and/or create a ravenous horde of world-devouring black holes! <img src='http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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