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	<title>Comments on: Do Atheists Exist?</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/</link>
	<description>Random samplings from a universe of ideas.</description>
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		<title>By: Prof. C B S R Sharma</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-2/#comment-40991</link>
		<dc:creator>Prof. C B S R Sharma</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2008 05:52:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40991</guid>
		<description>As a teacher of Ecology I am an atheist. God was created by man as a necessity. The necessity still exists. Reason also exists and it must. The debate continues. Ultimately it depends on the conceptualisation of God that one develops during one&#039;s life time. Mine is here.
______________________________________________

GOD : OMNIPRESENT, OMNISCIENT AND OMNIPOTENT !
_________________________________________________________
Prof.. C B S R Sharma, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry University [Retired] 7, Airport Road,  Pondicherry  605 008 , [ Ph: 0413 – 225-7036 ]
_________________________________________________________

How nice it is to have a God.
No one sees god. But every one feels.

It is like the bird that feels the dawn when it is still dark.
It is also like the wolf that feels the dusk when there is  still light.

The Pancha Bhootas, the five elements of nature were resources
to the humans, when balanced, but very harmful if imbalanced.
Both good and bad are the attributes of the same.
Humans realized ecology and called it god.

When a child is borne the mother feels the god.
When some one dies, the dear ones fear the god.

When some one kills the other without touching him, the witness sees the god. God is not merely linkages, but a web, inscrutable.

When bad people succeed and enjoy life, Why bad things happen to good people ?  what is god doing? Is he existing, or if not is he also bad like the powerful. God’s duty is to protect the good and punish the evil.
An Enigma indeed.

God lies in the work. Work produces dirt. Cleanliness is next to Godliness. Truth is god. But truth is bitter. It takes us to the crematorial elegy land,
 the last lap of all journeys, sooner. God is a self contradiction

Myriad times I felt how nice if we have a god. Albeit, formless, faceless, flavorless, tasteless, speechless, senseless, but valuable and powerful?
God is an insatiable yearning.

No one sees god, although feel, but late.
Therefore evils and  bads, flourish.
How nice it is to have a God.

I have seen  god,
in the first paragraph of  A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens.
And in the entire Siddhardha of Herman Hesse

I feel god,  whenever good happens , rain and river banks
I deny god, whenever bad happens, heat and dust
This is the stuff of god , a summation of all probabilities
___________________________________________________________
 But  GOD has always haunted me and did not enlighten me..
 Ecology  enlightens me. And I found my God. A great necessity</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a teacher of Ecology I am an atheist. God was created by man as a necessity. The necessity still exists. Reason also exists and it must. The debate continues. Ultimately it depends on the conceptualisation of God that one develops during one&#8217;s life time. Mine is here.<br />
______________________________________________</p>
<p>GOD : OMNIPRESENT, OMNISCIENT AND OMNIPOTENT !<br />
_________________________________________________________<br />
Prof.. C B S R Sharma, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry University [Retired] 7, Airport Road,  Pondicherry  605 008 , [ Ph: 0413 – 225-7036 ]<br />
_________________________________________________________</p>
<p>How nice it is to have a God.<br />
No one sees god. But every one feels.</p>
<p>It is like the bird that feels the dawn when it is still dark.<br />
It is also like the wolf that feels the dusk when there is  still light.</p>
<p>The Pancha Bhootas, the five elements of nature were resources<br />
to the humans, when balanced, but very harmful if imbalanced.<br />
Both good and bad are the attributes of the same.<br />
Humans realized ecology and called it god.</p>
<p>When a child is borne the mother feels the god.<br />
When some one dies, the dear ones fear the god.</p>
<p>When some one kills the other without touching him, the witness sees the god. God is not merely linkages, but a web, inscrutable.</p>
<p>When bad people succeed and enjoy life, Why bad things happen to good people ?  what is god doing? Is he existing, or if not is he also bad like the powerful. God’s duty is to protect the good and punish the evil.<br />
An Enigma indeed.</p>
<p>God lies in the work. Work produces dirt. Cleanliness is next to Godliness. Truth is god. But truth is bitter. It takes us to the crematorial elegy land,<br />
 the last lap of all journeys, sooner. God is a self contradiction</p>
<p>Myriad times I felt how nice if we have a god. Albeit, formless, faceless, flavorless, tasteless, speechless, senseless, but valuable and powerful?<br />
God is an insatiable yearning.</p>
<p>No one sees god, although feel, but late.<br />
Therefore evils and  bads, flourish.<br />
How nice it is to have a God.</p>
<p>I have seen  god,<br />
in the first paragraph of  A Tale of Two Cities by Dickens.<br />
And in the entire Siddhardha of Herman Hesse</p>
<p>I feel god,  whenever good happens , rain and river banks<br />
I deny god, whenever bad happens, heat and dust<br />
This is the stuff of god , a summation of all probabilities<br />
___________________________________________________________<br />
 But  GOD has always haunted me and did not enlighten me..<br />
 Ecology  enlightens me. And I found my God. A great necessity</p>
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		<title>By: Loki</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-2/#comment-40913</link>
		<dc:creator>Loki</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 01 Jul 2008 12:01:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40913</guid>
		<description>This discussion, as many others, seems to be about the meaning of words like &quot;beleive&quot;, &quot;truth&quot;, &quot;faith&quot; etc. As such it doesn&#039;t relate a lot to real life, not to mine, not to yours (unless you are a philosopher). What does relate is, for example, whether american kids should be taught Christian Teism at school along biology, physics etc.

Well, maybe they should, why not. As long as it comes with smart immigration policy that will help replace those creating new technologies, drugs etc. from countries like India, China and Russia - i see no problem :-)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This discussion, as many others, seems to be about the meaning of words like &#8220;beleive&#8221;, &#8220;truth&#8221;, &#8220;faith&#8221; etc. As such it doesn&#8217;t relate a lot to real life, not to mine, not to yours (unless you are a philosopher). What does relate is, for example, whether american kids should be taught Christian Teism at school along biology, physics etc.</p>
<p>Well, maybe they should, why not. As long as it comes with smart immigration policy that will help replace those creating new technologies, drugs etc. from countries like India, China and Russia &#8211; i see no problem <img src='http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>By: John Knight</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-2/#comment-40990</link>
		<dc:creator>John Knight</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 19:55:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40990</guid>
		<description>&lt;EM&gt;The God-meme exists, well to the extent that memes exist.  I not only believe but know that the God concept exists.  This of course is not the same as a belief in God.  I don’t know that God does not exist, but the conjecture concerning a deity is to my mind highly problematic, for if nothing else it is a completely ineffective hypothesis.&lt;/EM&gt;

Gee, Mr. Cromwell, that response to my post was pretty much irrelevant.

Theism is not a conjecture.  It a world-view, or rather, a group of world-views, just as atheism is a group of world-views.  The atheism of Richard Dawkins, for example, is a rather naive form of radical empiricism in epistemology &amp; materialism in metaphysics.  The problems with this kind of uncritical, radical empiricism have been exposed by Popper, by Wittgenstein, by Quine, by Sellars, by Polanyi, by Kuhn, and by Plantinga.

The questions that Dawkins &amp; Dawkinite clones across the Internet are pretty much destined to be the wrong questions.  They are questioned premised upon a faulty, self-refuting world-view.  They fail to provide any solid basis for knowledge-claims of any kind, theistic or otherwise.

Dawkinites are laughable in their parochialism.  Not only do they assume that all rational people share their beliefs, they assume that the methods of natural science are the only rational methods of inquiry, implicitly discounting ethics, ontology, aesthetics, teleology, epistemology, history, economics, law, mathematics, and personal, relational knowledge.  The contradictions are obvious.  First, methods of inquiry are not constant &amp; uniform across the various branches of the natural sciences.  Second, the natural sciences are not a self-justifying enterprise; they presuppose the validity of mathematics, of logic, of induction, of sense perception, but do not provide an ultimate foundation for any of these necessary beliefs.

Theism, or Christian theism, at any rate, does provide an adequate foundation for these necesssary beliefs, while Dawkinite varieties of atheism do not.  (Neither do other varieties of atheism, IMHO.)  In that sense, the Dawkins-Hitchens-Harris-quoting professing atheist who uses math, logic, induction, or even sense perception is (at the very least) closer to theism than atheism in his daily practice.

More could be said, but I&#039;ve probably offended enough people for one week.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>The God-meme exists, well to the extent that memes exist.  I not only believe but know that the God concept exists.  This of course is not the same as a belief in God.  I don’t know that God does not exist, but the conjecture concerning a deity is to my mind highly problematic, for if nothing else it is a completely ineffective hypothesis.</em></p>
<p>Gee, Mr. Cromwell, that response to my post was pretty much irrelevant.</p>
<p>Theism is not a conjecture.  It a world-view, or rather, a group of world-views, just as atheism is a group of world-views.  The atheism of Richard Dawkins, for example, is a rather naive form of radical empiricism in epistemology &amp; materialism in metaphysics.  The problems with this kind of uncritical, radical empiricism have been exposed by Popper, by Wittgenstein, by Quine, by Sellars, by Polanyi, by Kuhn, and by Plantinga.</p>
<p>The questions that Dawkins &amp; Dawkinite clones across the Internet are pretty much destined to be the wrong questions.  They are questioned premised upon a faulty, self-refuting world-view.  They fail to provide any solid basis for knowledge-claims of any kind, theistic or otherwise.</p>
<p>Dawkinites are laughable in their parochialism.  Not only do they assume that all rational people share their beliefs, they assume that the methods of natural science are the only rational methods of inquiry, implicitly discounting ethics, ontology, aesthetics, teleology, epistemology, history, economics, law, mathematics, and personal, relational knowledge.  The contradictions are obvious.  First, methods of inquiry are not constant &amp; uniform across the various branches of the natural sciences.  Second, the natural sciences are not a self-justifying enterprise; they presuppose the validity of mathematics, of logic, of induction, of sense perception, but do not provide an ultimate foundation for any of these necessary beliefs.</p>
<p>Theism, or Christian theism, at any rate, does provide an adequate foundation for these necesssary beliefs, while Dawkinite varieties of atheism do not.  (Neither do other varieties of atheism, IMHO.)  In that sense, the Dawkins-Hitchens-Harris-quoting professing atheist who uses math, logic, induction, or even sense perception is (at the very least) closer to theism than atheism in his daily practice.</p>
<p>More could be said, but I&#8217;ve probably offended enough people for one week.</p>
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		<title>By: Micki</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-2/#comment-40989</link>
		<dc:creator>Micki</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 19:38:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40989</guid>
		<description>Belief is choice.  Respect is civilized.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Belief is choice.  Respect is civilized.</p>
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		<title>By: Proteus</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-1/#comment-40988</link>
		<dc:creator>Proteus</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 10:02:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40988</guid>
		<description>Do atheists exist? Are we meant to address more general existential questions first, such as &quot;do beliefs exist?&quot;? Several posters pointed out the futility of addressing such arguments. However, they also describe weights that their sense of reason requires them to ascribe to the relative rationality of various beliefs, including that of &quot;disbelief in God or gods&quot;, &quot;lack of belief in God or gods&quot;, &quot;disbelief and/or lack of belief in the Loch Ness Monster&quot; as well as an implicit &quot;belief in the existence of things which are generally believed to exist by all people&quot;.

Naturally, all of this begs the question. Can we use reason to increase our knowledge in this, or in any matter? While this might seem a most treacherous notion to posit amongst scientists, the absolute nature of the question (or any absolute question, such as &quot;does paper exist&quot;) does in fact inspire this logical fallacy noted in the first sentence of this paragraph.

I make these comments, for the most part, in ignorance of the history of epistemology, so I apologize if I have made any basic mistakes with regard to that subject. And while I have been, more or less, resolute in my own beliefs with regard to the matter, it seems that the conflation of personal and rational beliefs is particularly poignant in this topic, as it is quite likely that our own beliefs that rationality is the ultimate path to &quot;knowledge&quot; is what drove many of us into pursuing careers as scientists in the first place.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Do atheists exist? Are we meant to address more general existential questions first, such as &#8220;do beliefs exist?&#8221;? Several posters pointed out the futility of addressing such arguments. However, they also describe weights that their sense of reason requires them to ascribe to the relative rationality of various beliefs, including that of &#8220;disbelief in God or gods&#8221;, &#8220;lack of belief in God or gods&#8221;, &#8220;disbelief and/or lack of belief in the Loch Ness Monster&#8221; as well as an implicit &#8220;belief in the existence of things which are generally believed to exist by all people&#8221;.</p>
<p>Naturally, all of this begs the question. Can we use reason to increase our knowledge in this, or in any matter? While this might seem a most treacherous notion to posit amongst scientists, the absolute nature of the question (or any absolute question, such as &#8220;does paper exist&#8221;) does in fact inspire this logical fallacy noted in the first sentence of this paragraph.</p>
<p>I make these comments, for the most part, in ignorance of the history of epistemology, so I apologize if I have made any basic mistakes with regard to that subject. And while I have been, more or less, resolute in my own beliefs with regard to the matter, it seems that the conflation of personal and rational beliefs is particularly poignant in this topic, as it is quite likely that our own beliefs that rationality is the ultimate path to &#8220;knowledge&#8221; is what drove many of us into pursuing careers as scientists in the first place.</p>
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		<title>By: Aiya-Oba</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-1/#comment-40906</link>
		<dc:creator>Aiya-Oba</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 06:19:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40906</guid>
		<description>The grand meaning of all possible parts, is in the context of their whole.-Aiya-Oba (Poet/Philosopher).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The grand meaning of all possible parts, is in the context of their whole.-Aiya-Oba (Poet/Philosopher).</p>
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		<title>By: Brandon Watson</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-1/#comment-40911</link>
		<dc:creator>Brandon Watson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 16:47:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40911</guid>
		<description>By the way, I should mention, for those who don&#039;t have the time to devote to critical analysis of an article largely removed from their primary interests, that in context one can draw some fairly probable conclusions about what &#039;formal positive dogmatic atheism&#039; in the article would have to be, despite there being no explicit definition; it would be a view of the world that took the nonexistence of God not as a derived conclusion but as a first principle, i.e., as an axiom (cf. the &quot;blank Atheistic denial&quot; of the Existence of God article). You can see this simply by looking at what it is contrasted with, namely, negative atheism, every case of which involves the nonexistence of God being derived from (1) assessment of the evidence of the natural world; (2) assessment of the limits of the human mind; (3) more fundamental principles, e.g., those of materialism. All three of these are cases where the existence of God turns out to be excluded on the basis of something more fundamental; the opposing position is then plausibly seen as atheism taken as a fundamental principle in its own right. This is confirmed not only by the &quot;blank&quot; comment in the EG article, but also by the comment in the Atheism article that certain advanced phases of materialistic philosophy approach the category of postive dogmatic atheism when they &quot;have left the sphere of exact scientific observation for speculation&quot;. That is, positive atheists are atheists as a matter of metaphysical commitment (speculation, which is used to be a term commonly applied to areas of human thought where you recognize truths not by collating evidence but by simply seeing that they are true).

There are ambiguities due to poor writing; but I take it that we are not here considering an argument about how best to write encyclopedia articles. However, the basic idea is easy enough to see; it just requires the application of basic reading skills. That&#039;s what makes the post such a great satire of certain ID methods for criticizing their critics: it&#039;s exactly the sort of thing they do, trading on ambiguities, lapses in good writing habits, verbal similarities, obscurity of context, etc., in order to put forward a superficially plausible criticism that doesn&#039;t stand up to basic critical examination.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>By the way, I should mention, for those who don&#8217;t have the time to devote to critical analysis of an article largely removed from their primary interests, that in context one can draw some fairly probable conclusions about what &#8216;formal positive dogmatic atheism&#8217; in the article would have to be, despite there being no explicit definition; it would be a view of the world that took the nonexistence of God not as a derived conclusion but as a first principle, i.e., as an axiom (cf. the &#8220;blank Atheistic denial&#8221; of the Existence of God article). You can see this simply by looking at what it is contrasted with, namely, negative atheism, every case of which involves the nonexistence of God being derived from (1) assessment of the evidence of the natural world; (2) assessment of the limits of the human mind; (3) more fundamental principles, e.g., those of materialism. All three of these are cases where the existence of God turns out to be excluded on the basis of something more fundamental; the opposing position is then plausibly seen as atheism taken as a fundamental principle in its own right. This is confirmed not only by the &#8220;blank&#8221; comment in the EG article, but also by the comment in the Atheism article that certain advanced phases of materialistic philosophy approach the category of postive dogmatic atheism when they &#8220;have left the sphere of exact scientific observation for speculation&#8221;. That is, positive atheists are atheists as a matter of metaphysical commitment (speculation, which is used to be a term commonly applied to areas of human thought where you recognize truths not by collating evidence but by simply seeing that they are true).</p>
<p>There are ambiguities due to poor writing; but I take it that we are not here considering an argument about how best to write encyclopedia articles. However, the basic idea is easy enough to see; it just requires the application of basic reading skills. That&#8217;s what makes the post such a great satire of certain ID methods for criticizing their critics: it&#8217;s exactly the sort of thing they do, trading on ambiguities, lapses in good writing habits, verbal similarities, obscurity of context, etc., in order to put forward a superficially plausible criticism that doesn&#8217;t stand up to basic critical examination.</p>
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		<title>By: Brandon Watson</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-1/#comment-40912</link>
		<dc:creator>Brandon Watson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 16:15:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40912</guid>
		<description>Hi, Sean,

You say,

&lt;i&gt;Brandon, your stance would be more compelling if you could find a way to actually reveal to us what the technical definition of &quot;formal dogmatic atheism&quot; is supposed to be, and cite the relevant passage in the Catholic Encyclopedia, so that we may more easily see why such a stance is self-refuting. Thanks!&lt;/i&gt;

I&#039;m not sure what &#039;stance&#039; this is referring to; but the &quot;cite the relevant passage&quot; part is absurd. Do you think niche encyclopedias define every technical term they use, given that they can assume that certain things are known by their intended audience? Since the Catholic Encyclopedia is a niche encyclopedia, it would require looking at the context in which it was written, namely, in the context of what would have been generally recognized by educated Catholics of the sort had in view by the encyclopedists in 1917; in the context of the article, the natural approach would also be to look at Bacon and Arnold, to whom the article explicitly refers on this point.

This is pretty basic stuff, not rocket science, as you well know: don&#039;t quote out of context, look for the broader context of the text itself, don&#039;t build arguments out of mere verbal similarities, don&#039;t read into silences without investigation, in short, hold yourself at least to elementary rational standards. And the post, as I said, is a pretty decent parody of what atheist reasoning would become if all atheists argued like intelligent design theorists, since these are precisely the uncritical moves for which IDers are often rightly criticized.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi, Sean,</p>
<p>You say,</p>
<p><i>Brandon, your stance would be more compelling if you could find a way to actually reveal to us what the technical definition of &#8220;formal dogmatic atheism&#8221; is supposed to be, and cite the relevant passage in the Catholic Encyclopedia, so that we may more easily see why such a stance is self-refuting. Thanks!</i></p>
<p>I&#8217;m not sure what &#8217;stance&#8217; this is referring to; but the &#8220;cite the relevant passage&#8221; part is absurd. Do you think niche encyclopedias define every technical term they use, given that they can assume that certain things are known by their intended audience? Since the Catholic Encyclopedia is a niche encyclopedia, it would require looking at the context in which it was written, namely, in the context of what would have been generally recognized by educated Catholics of the sort had in view by the encyclopedists in 1917; in the context of the article, the natural approach would also be to look at Bacon and Arnold, to whom the article explicitly refers on this point.</p>
<p>This is pretty basic stuff, not rocket science, as you well know: don&#8217;t quote out of context, look for the broader context of the text itself, don&#8217;t build arguments out of mere verbal similarities, don&#8217;t read into silences without investigation, in short, hold yourself at least to elementary rational standards. And the post, as I said, is a pretty decent parody of what atheist reasoning would become if all atheists argued like intelligent design theorists, since these are precisely the uncritical moves for which IDers are often rightly criticized.</p>
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		<title>By: JCF</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-1/#comment-40987</link>
		<dc:creator>JCF</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 02:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40987</guid>
		<description>&quot;Another disturbing trend is that we tend to place mentally disordered people in positions of great power.&quot;

A trend, come to think of it, that recedes to the beginning of recorded history, and not merely in the case of political power.  One thinks immediately of Caligula, perhaps one or two popes.  Unfortunately, the weapons at their disposal continue increasing exponentially in efficacy, as the terrors of the Old Testament continue to fade.
Yet, inasmuch as time and causality move in both directions, as Sean points out, did some compulsion to create the catastrophe, say, of the Iraq war produce the backwards causation for the Scalia decision declaring Florida for Dubya?

Re &lt;i&gt;cogito&lt;/I&gt;, remember Popeye&#039;s great self-affirmation, I yam what I yam, which may have influenced Descartes&#039; immemorial syllogistic aphorism.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Another disturbing trend is that we tend to place mentally disordered people in positions of great power.&#8221;</p>
<p>A trend, come to think of it, that recedes to the beginning of recorded history, and not merely in the case of political power.  One thinks immediately of Caligula, perhaps one or two popes.  Unfortunately, the weapons at their disposal continue increasing exponentially in efficacy, as the terrors of the Old Testament continue to fade.<br />
Yet, inasmuch as time and causality move in both directions, as Sean points out, did some compulsion to create the catastrophe, say, of the Iraq war produce the backwards causation for the Scalia decision declaring Florida for Dubya?</p>
<p>Re <i>cogito</i>, remember Popeye&#8217;s great self-affirmation, I yam what I yam, which may have influenced Descartes&#8217; immemorial syllogistic aphorism.</p>
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		<title>By: John Merryman</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/comment-page-1/#comment-40986</link>
		<dc:creator>John Merryman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jun 2008 01:46:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/cosmicvariance/2008/06/25/do-atheists-exist/#comment-40986</guid>
		<description>Lawrence,

 It would seem consciousness is some form of bottom up emergent phenomena, in the sense that it is apparent in lower order fauna and there really is no clear line between biological reactive functions and conscious perception. Even much of human activity could be argued is primarily reactive while still being conscious. The intellect, on the other hand, is a modeling of reality, a top down ordering of perception. The Platonic Ideal is the top down order as absolute, of which all other form is corrupt copy. Since the unitary state is formless, there is no absolute form and the projection of one simply serves to stifle further evolution, creating a  constrictive and brittle model that only serves to hinder further upward process, until it breaks down and a new form begins to take shape. &quot;Punctuated Equilibrium,&quot; as Stephen Jay Gould called it. So the intellect would be the construct, while consciousness is an emergent reality.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Lawrence,</p>
<p> It would seem consciousness is some form of bottom up emergent phenomena, in the sense that it is apparent in lower order fauna and there really is no clear line between biological reactive functions and conscious perception. Even much of human activity could be argued is primarily reactive while still being conscious. The intellect, on the other hand, is a modeling of reality, a top down ordering of perception. The Platonic Ideal is the top down order as absolute, of which all other form is corrupt copy. Since the unitary state is formless, there is no absolute form and the projection of one simply serves to stifle further evolution, creating a  constrictive and brittle model that only serves to hinder further upward process, until it breaks down and a new form begins to take shape. &#8220;Punctuated Equilibrium,&#8221; as Stephen Jay Gould called it. So the intellect would be the construct, while consciousness is an emergent reality.</p>
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