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Discoblog

Archive for the ‘Food, Nutrition, & More Food’ Category

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Are Booze-Drenched Societies More Likely To Be Monogamous?

A new study out in the American Association of Wine Economist’s “Wine Economics” journal suggests that monogamous societies are bigger drinkers than those in polygamous societies. Does this mean that being stuck with only one partner drives us to the bottle, or does drinking make us more likely to settle down?

Actually the answer is most likely neither. Both monogamy and drunkenness seem to be related to economics, or at least, that’s why both seem to have blossomed during the industrial revolution. Jo Swinnen, one of the study’s authors, told The New York Times Freakonomics blog (which seemed to have missed the actual conclusion of the study) that he noticed the correlation over, unsurprisingly, a glass of wine:

The inspiration came from a casual observation (over a glass of wine) that the two social/religious groups that do allow polygamy ((parts of) Mormonism and Islam) also do not consume alcohol. So we wondered whether this was a coincidence or not.

While many studies have compared alcohol and cultural traits, this is the study to look at its relationship with polygamy. The researchers compared the marital style and “frequency of drunkenness” of 44 well-documented pre-industrial societies (24 of which were polygamous; 20 monogamous) and found that monogamy was indeed positively correlated with drunkenness. The paper (pdf) says:
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December 28th, 2010 Tags: alcohol, beer, booze, monogamy, polygamy, relationships, sex, wine
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Sex & Mating, Top Posts, Where We Came From & Where We're Going | 5 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

Fridge of the Future Predicts We Will Be Lazy

Future forecast: laziness ahead. Appliance designers are trying to make even eating and cooking as fool- and work-proof as possible.

The fridge of the future they are designing can do it all: order food, plan your recipes, and even count your calories.

This future-is-now technology is being created by a team of researchers at University of Central Lancashire (that’s in England, in case your fridge hasn’t told you) working with grocery delivery company Ocado. The fridge will automatically scan its contents and order groceries accordingly. It can even plan recipes around the fridge contents, designer Simon Sommerville told the Daily Mail:
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December 28th, 2010 Tags: fridge, fridge of the future, home appliances
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Technology Attacks! | 6 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

Elephant Bird’s Tasty, Giant Eggs Were Most Likely Its Downfall

elephant-bird

The extinct elephant bird could grow to over ten feet tall and weigh in at around half a ton, with its eggs about 180 times the size of a chicken egg. They lived well in Madagascar until about 2,000 years ago, when humans first settled the island; then, about 1,000 years later, they were extinct. In an upcoming documentary, Sir David Attenborough says it wasn’t the skill of human hunters that caused the big bird’s demise:

“I doubt it was hunted to extinction – anyone who has seen an ostrich in a zoo knows that it has a kick which can open a man’s stomach and an enraged elephant bird, many times the size of an ostrich, must have been a truly formidable opponent.”

Instead, he says, humans probably killed off the elephant bird by eating all their eggs—someone stumbling on a nest and stealing one of it’s calorie-rich eggs could keep their family happy for several meals.

(more…)

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December 20th, 2010 Tags: elephant bird, giant bird, giant eggs
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, The Wide (& Strange) World of Animals | 3 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

SpaceX Reveals Secret Cargo on Its Orbital Test Flight: Space Cheese!

space-cheeseThis top-secret space passenger doesn’t have the attributes often associated with astronauts–instead of being labeled brave and resolute, this passenger has been described as nutty, sweet, and buttery. Meet Le Brouere, a space-faring wheel of cheese.

The cheese in question was a passenger on SpaceX’s successful test of its Dragon crew capsule this week, a flight CNN describes as:

One small step for a cheese, one giant leap fromage-kind.

The mild French cheese Le Brouere isn’t the first of its kind to be blasted towards space, but it is the first to reach orbit and to be successfully recovered post-flight. The cheese orbited the Earth twice before splashing down in the Pacific Ocean on Wednesday. The test flight was the first ever orbital reentry and recovery mission by a commercial space company.

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December 10th, 2010 Tags: cheese, Dragon, Le Brouere, private space companies, space cheese, space flight, SpaceX
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Space & Aliens Therefrom, Top Posts | 5 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

Is That a Sausage in Your Petri Dish?

meatsSoylent Green may be made of people, but in the future that biomedical engineer Mark Post envisions, Soylent Pink is his lab-grown pork sausage. Lab-grown meat could reduce the need for farm animals, Post told Nature’s Nicola Jones:

“I realized this could have much greater impact than any of the medical work I’d been doing over 20 years — in terms of environmental benefits, health benefits, benefits against world starvation,” he says.

Before his future comes, there are several hurdles lab-meat researchers need to jump. Post believes he is close, though, and estimates that he could produce a single “demonstration” sausage in a year–if he can just round up about $250,000 in funding.

(more…)

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December 9th, 2010 Tags: animal rights, ethics, fake meat, in vitro meat, lab meat, meat, soylent green, tissue culture
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Technology Attacks! | 1 Comment | RSS feed | Trackback >

How to Prep for Oil Spills: Dump 210,000 Gallons of Popcorn in the Water

popcorn-spillOne large bucket of popcorn, please, hold the salt, oil, and butter. Actually, make that 210,000 gallons of popcorn. We have an oil spill to re-enact.

Brazilian oil spill clean-up experts leapt into action last week to clean up a popcorn spill that makes movie theater accidents seem pretty tame. It turns out that popcorn makes a good approximation for spilled oil, explains the EFE, a Spanish news agency:

Although it sounds quaint, popcorn has been used to replace oil in simulations for over ten years by [Petrobras]. After testing seeds and grains, the experts found several positive factors in the popcorn: it is biodegradable–prepared without salt and no cooking oil–gives good flotation and serves as food for fish.

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December 6th, 2010 Tags: Amazon, oil & gas, oil spill, pollution, popcorn, rivers, simulation
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Pollution Solutions (& Disasters) | No comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

To Make Gold Nanoparticles, Add a Dash of Cinnamon

mmmmm....tastes-like-nanoparticles“Is it just me, or do these gold nanoparticles taste like apple pie?”

Ok, you probably won’t hear that one around the lab (taste-testing the nano-gold is a strict no-no), but researchers have discovered a way to replace the toxic chemicals typically used to make gold nanoparticles with cinnamon.

Researcher Raghuraman Kannan explains in the press release:

“The procedure we have developed is non-toxic,” Kannan said. “No chemicals are used in the generation of gold nanoparticles, except gold salts. It is a true ‘green’ process.”

The cinnamon takes the place of the toxic agents that remove the gold particles from gold salts, explains Popular Science:

There are several ways to produce gold particles, but most involve dissolving chloroauric acid, also called gold salts, in liquid and adding chemicals to precipitate gold atoms. Common mixtures include sodium citrates, sodium borohydride (also used to bleach wood pulp) and ammonium compounds.

(more…)

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November 30th, 2010 Tags: chemistry, cinnamon, gold, green technology, nanoparticles, nanotechnology
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Technology Attacks! | 5 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

Chubby Kitties, Tubby Turtles, Mega Marmosets: Animals Are Fattening Up

fat-catA prophetic story from The Onion in 2003 seems to be coming true: our pets and even lab and wild animals are becoming obese alongside humans:

Amid a barrage of commercials for new diet dog and cat foods, many owners say that their pets are being held to impossibly high animal-body standards perpetrated by the media. “I don’t care what anyone says, my Sassy looks good,” said Janice Guswhite.

Back in the non-satirical world, the findings are alarming. A study of over 20,000 animals from 12 different populations, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, found that over the last 20 years the animals in every population they studied have been growing significantly tubbier, paralleling the human obesity epidemic.

Not only pets are fattening up–the group also studied wild animals living near humans and animals living in labs and zoos. All of them have been chubbing-out over the last two decades. This could mean we are thinking about the obesity epidemic all wrong, lead author David Allison told Nature News:

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November 24th, 2010 Tags: adenovirus 36, animals, lab animals, nutrition, obesity, pets
by Jennifer Welsh in Diseases, Injuries, & Other Ailments, Food, Nutrition, & More Food, The Wide (& Strange) World of Animals | 1 Comment | RSS feed | Trackback >

Mother’s Fatty Diet Makes Baby Monkeys Afraid of Mr. Potato Head

creepy-potatoWhat monkey mothers eat has a large impact on how skittish their offspring act in stressful situations like stranger danger–or the presence of a Mr. Potato Head in their cage.

According to researchers, even normal monkeys find the toy’s large eyes to be “mildly stressful.” But baby monkeys from mothers who were fed a high-fat diet (over 35 percent of calories from fat, modeled after a typical American diet) had a much stronger reaction to an encounter with the spud man, and also spazzed in the presence of an unknown human.

The study, presented at the Society for Neuroscience annual conference, found that in stressful situations, the female offspring were more anxious and the males more aggressive, explains LiveScience:
(more…)

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November 19th, 2010 Tags: aggression, anxiety, diet, emotions, fat, fear, monkeys, nutrition, pregnancy
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, What’s Inside Your Brain? | 8 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

Is This the Peak of Peak Panic? Peak Chocolate, Peak Maple Syrup, & More

<p>Chocoholics, be afraid. Be very afraid. Peak chocolate is coming.</p>
<p>Soon, humanity's appetite for chocolate will increase to the point where there just isn't enough chocolate in the world to sustain it. Researchers and chocolatiers the world over are predicting a chocolate peak within 20 years, John Mason, of the Nature Conservation Research Council told <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/chocolate-worth-its-weight-in-gold-2127874.html" target="_blank">The Independent</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">"In 20 years chocolate will be like caviar. It will become so rare and so expensive that the average Joe just won't be able to afford it."</p>
<p>On of the main reasons for trouble in the chocolate trade is the collapse of the cacao farming industry. In the "cocoa basket" of West Africa <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobroma_cacao" target="_blank">cacao trees</a> are dying off, cacao pods are being eaten by pests, and cultivation areas are being depleted of nutrients or are being taken over by more profitable crops, chocolatier Marc Demarquette explains to <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/food-and-drink/features/chocolate-worth-its-weight-in-gold-2127874.html" target="_blank">The Independent</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">"Production will have decreased within 20 years to the point where we won't see any more cheap bars in vending machines – unless they are made with carob instead of chocolate," he says. "It's because the growers in West Africa only see 2p for every 1 £ bar. Even if you double that, it's no incentive for the next generation – which rightly expects decent working conditions. Those young people are heading for the cities. They won't stay around just so schoolchildren and commuters can continue to get their quick fix."</p>
<p>The cacao trees themselves take about five years to mature, so they require farmers with patience and the resources for a long-term investment. Some chocolate companies are working to keep the crops growing by encouraging fair trade (Cadbury) and replanting trees (Nestle), but Mars believes that salvation could also come from left field: the chocolate genome.</p>
<p>Howard Yana-Shapiro, a researcher for Mars, is hoping to engineer new strains of the cacao tree that would provide yield more pods, would grow quicker, and/or would be pest resistant. These advanced trees could mean more cocoa could be produced on less land, and certain characteristics could be screened for, <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11747616" target="_blank">BBC News</a> explains:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Now correlations between certain characteristics -- such as disease and drought resistance or higher proportions of healthier fats -- can be made in the field with the benefit of relatively inexpensive laboratory equipment. In this way, each region ensures it has strains that will produce the most, and the best, cocoa.</p>
<p>With any luck, researchers will be able to balance out the stresses on the finicky cacao crop by applying what they've learned from the sequencing of the <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2010/09/15/cacao-trees-genetic-secrets-may-bolster-the-chocolate-supply/" target="_blank">cacao tree genome</a>.</p>
<p>But peak panic has only just begun. Click through the gallery to see what other resources are running out.</p><p>Phosphorus: it's the backbone of our DNA, the scaffolding of our bones, the life-giving-elixir of our agricultural fields. How can an element that is in every cell in our bodies, that we excrete every day, and that is eternally recyclable become a resource that may peak by 2030? Because we're using it wastefully, researchers say.</p>
<p>Phosphorus is used every day in farming as a fertilizer--it was elemental (yes, pun intended) in the agricultural revolution that boosted crop yields. This phosphorus is <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/photos/23-the-dark-side-of-the-green-revolution/" target="_blank">mined from phosphate rock</a>, the main deposits of which are located in just three countries and whose output will be tapped in 50 to 100 years, researcher Stewart White explained to <a href="http://www.miller-mccune.com/science-environment/the-story-of-pee-8736/" target="_blank">Miller-McCune</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">"Right now, you can get phosphorus if you’re willing to pay for it," White said. "But global reserves will peak in 20 to 25 years. Africa has not stirred in terms of its phosphorus use. Africa could take off, and that’s very scary. We will continue to mine phosphorus. It’s just that if we want to extend the longevity of the resource, we’ll have to reduce extraction rates significantly and put in much bigger recycling."</p>
<p>Without sufficient amounts of phosphorus for fertilizer, the world's food supplies will drop precipitously, James Elser warned <a href="http://www.miller-mccune.com/science-environment/the-story-of-pee-8736/" target="_blank">Miller-McCune</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">"The scope and urgency of the time scale need to be narrowed down," Elser said. "I don’t think we have a really good consensus about the peak. Is this really an acute problem in 30 years? If this is true, then the human consequences are much more acute than anything we’ve seen with climate change, in terms of hunger. Food is food. We can’t live without it."</p>
<p>While phosphorus is recyclable, much of it gets washed from fields <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_zone_%28ecology%29" target="_blank">into the world's oceans</a> or is lost to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" target="_blank">wastewater</a> treatment plants after being excreted from our bodies. Also, a great deal of the phosphorus that is mined is lost to waste and inefficiency. Efforts to reduce this loss and recycle what we've used are the only ways to thwart this coming peak.</p>Now, this is one peak you've probably heard a lot about. But you may not know that it already happened--about four years ago, according to <a href="http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/is-peak-oil-behind-us/?partner=rss&amp;emc=rss" target="_blank">The New York Times</a>:
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Production of conventional crude oil--the black liquid stuff that rigs pump out of the ground--probably topped out for good in 2006, at about 70 million barrels a day. Production from currently producing oil fields will drop sharply in coming decades, the [International Energy Agency's annual] report suggests.</p>
<p>Although oil may be past its peak, oil use is definitely not going anywhere anytime soon. The IEA is predicting that after a short dip, oil production will continue on a relatively steady plateau for at least another 25 years, as new oil fields are discovered and exploited. But energy demand is still rising, especially from China. Peak oil, in turn, could directly cause peak coal, says <a href="http://arstechnica.com/science/news/2010/11/should-we-be-planning-for-the-end-of-cheap-coal.ars" target="_blank">Ars Technica</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">If oil prices remain high and governments make progress on their emissions goals, there's a possibility that the world has already hit peak oil, and that the next few years will see its use plateau for a while before dropping again. Using these same assumptions, the report also said that we could hit peak coal somewhere within the next 20 years.</p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_element" target="_blank">Rare earth elements</a> are a set of 17 elements that are difficult to come by; while they are relatively abundant, they don't tend to congregate in large amounts in the earth's crust. This makes it hard to sustainably, economically, and cleanly mine them. In recent years the work has largely been taken over by China, where regulations are more lax, explains <a href="http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-03/shortage-rare-earth-minerals-may-cripple-us-high-tech-scientists-warn-congress" target="_blank">Popular Science</a>:
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">China has supplied 91 percent of U.S. consumption of rare earths between 2005 and 2008, and continues to represent the world's largest rare earth exporter. But the Chinese have warned that their own domestic industry appetite for rare earths may eventually force them to stop exporting--an action that would leave the U.S. high-tech industries crippled without other readily available supplies.</p>
<p>Without these rare earths, high-tech and green industries could grind to a halt. And China knows it too; the country made its point by <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2010/10/15/high-tech-society-drive-demand-for-chinas-rare-earth-metals/" target="_blank">temporarily stopping shipments to Japan</a> earlier this year after a diplomatic incident. U.S. scientists have warned Congress that the significant demand for these minerals for use in high-tech and green technologies (like wind turbines, computer parts, and hybrid car batteries) could lead to shortages. <a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/26538/page1/" target="_blank">Technology Review</a> says that in fear of future shortfalls, many companies are already looking to replacement options:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">In response to China's dominance in rare-earths production, researchers are developing new materials that could either replace rare-earth minerals or decrease the need for them. But materials and technologies will likely take years to develop, and existing alternatives come with trade-offs.</p>
<p>Others are looking into re-opening rare earth mines in the United States, including some recently found deposits to the tune of 13 million metric tons, so perhaps rare earths haven't peaked just yet, USGS representative told <a href="http://www.techeye.net/science/us-has-significant-rare-earth-deposits" target="_blank">Tech EYE</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">"This is the first detailed assessment of rare earth elements for the entire nation, describing deposits throughout the United States,” says Marcia McNutt of the US Geological Survey. "Although many of these deposits have yet to be proven, at recent domestic consumption rates of about 10,000 metric tons annually, the US deposits have the potential to meet our needs for years to come."</p>
<p>The only problem left is how to extract them safely, cleanly, efficiently, and most of all, quickly.</p><p>If your sweet tooth started to ache at the idea of a $12 chocolate bar, you might want to skip this one. Looming shortages of both honey and maple syrup may be on the horizon, so get your sticky sweets now.</p>
<p>There have been <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/2165835.stm" target="_blank">drastic drops</a> in honey production around the world due in part to honeybees' <a href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/tag/colony-collapse-disorder/" target="_blank">colony collapse disorder</a>, and prices have been rising accordingly. <a href="http://www.mainstreet.com/article/lifestyle/food-drink/honey-shortage-could-spell-bigger-troubles" target="_blank">Main Street</a> explains:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Grocery store shelves harbor imposters, and a closer look at their labels show they’re not 100 percent honey as one might expect from the bear-shaped squeeze bottle. Many of the fakes are cheaper alternatives like agave- and xylitol-based honey substitutes and syrups that contain only about 10 percent real honey, according to the trade group.</p>
<p>Changes in temperature and seasons are also impacting maple syrup production, especially on the southern-most edges of production, like the Catskills, where production was <a href="http://www.watershedpost.com/2010/catskill-maple-syrup-production-down-80-percent" target="_blank">down 80 percent</a> in the 2010 season, according to the <a href="http://www.watershedpost.com/2010/catskill-maple-syrup-production-down-80-percent" target="_blank">Watershed Post</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Sugar producers in the Catskills are collecting under a quarter of the sap that they usually do at this time of year, says Helen Thomas, the executive director of the New York State Maple Producers Association. Production is down across the board in the warmer parts of New York, she adds, including at her own Syracuse farm. But the Catskills are seeing the most dramatic sap shortage.</p>
<p>The shortage of sap might also come from a boom of forest tent caterpillars, gypsy moth caterpillars, and other maple pests in the area, which eat leaves and can kill the trees. Sugar houses are hopeful that yield will increase in the 2011 season, but I wouldn't bet my pancakes on it.</p>

Related Content:
80beats: Cacao Tree’s Genetic Secrets May Bolster the Chocolate Supply
DISCOVER: Beautiful Pools of Pollution, a photo gallery about phosphorus mining
DISCOVER: 20 Things You Didn’t Know About… Oil
80beats: High-Tech Society Drives Demand for China’s Rare Earth Metals
80beats: Bee Collapse May Be Caused by a Virus-Fungus One-Two Punch

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November 19th, 2010 Tags: agriculture, bees, chocolate, colony collapse disorder, oil, Peak chocolate, peak honey, peak maple syrup, Peak oil, peak phosphorus, phosphorus, rare earth metals
by Jennifer Welsh in Food, Nutrition, & More Food, Pollution Solutions (& Disasters), The Wide (& Strange) World of Animals, Top Posts | 5 Comments | RSS feed | Trackback >

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