At a bar, intoxicated people may fall victim to the notorious “beer goggles” effect. Now, researchers have discovered that in the fish world, pollution can have the same effect as a six-pack of Heineken.

Scientists already know that female African cichlids are partially blind, and have evolved into a new species over the past 30 years. The cichlids in Lake Victoria’s polluted waters are vanishing, causing “the largest human-witnessed mass extinction of vertebrates.” And now, pollution is also causing closely-related species of cichlids to interbreed, all because they can’t see each other.

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Now that they know some fish can see red, ichthyologists might be a little red in the face.

Because water tends to absorb long wavelengths of visible light, long-wavelength red photons don’t penetrate much past the top 30 feet of ocean. So fish experts had assumed that red just wasn’t part of the underwater world, and fish probably couldn’t see it. But a new study led by German researcher Nico Michiels concluded quite the contrary—numerous species of fish can produce their own red light through luminescence.

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Do these polka dots make me look fat

It’s the hackneyed backbone of many movies and television shows about high school: the popular kids get all the dates and constantly threaten the freaks and geeks, who humbly remain on their lower rung of the social ladder to avoid provoking any physical or social abuse. These stereotypes and simplifications don’t tend to play out in real life—unless you’re a tiny coral-dwelling fish called a goby.

Researchers at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and James Cook University recently discovered that the cool kids of goby social circles use the threat of expulsion from the group to deter subordinates from trying to climb the mating ladder. In a goby group, only the two largest two fish (a male and a female) mate—the rest are non-breeding females, who are consistently smaller than their next largest rivals.

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