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	<title>Comments on: Does heritability of political orientation matter?</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/</link>
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		<title>By: Bruce</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34134</link>
		<dc:creator>Bruce</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Jun 2011 19:05:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34134</guid>
		<description>Re: Miko 14: Did you read the reference I cited in support of my argument or did you just reflexively respond (emotionally) and jump to calling me stupid? No reasoned response just snark. Liberals (right-brain dominant) typically respond this way when they&#039;re challenged. Thanks for your (inadvertent) support of my contention which was/is based on the legitimate work of others (i.e; a reasoned conclusion).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Re: Miko 14: Did you read the reference I cited in support of my argument or did you just reflexively respond (emotionally) and jump to calling me stupid? No reasoned response just snark. Liberals (right-brain dominant) typically respond this way when they&#8217;re challenged. Thanks for your (inadvertent) support of my contention which was/is based on the legitimate work of others (i.e; a reasoned conclusion).</p>
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		<title>By: Miguel Madeira</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34133</link>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Madeira</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2011 19:15:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34133</guid>
		<description>Reading the article of American Thinker, makes more sense than appeared by the synopsis of Bruce.

If we look only for the realistic vs. intuitive dimension, of course that radicals (I prefer this word to &quot;liberals&quot;) will be more in the intuitive side, and conservatives in the realistic side. After all, the definition of conservative is exactly &quot;to prefer the familiar to the unknown, to prefer the tried to the untried, fact to mystery, the actual to the possible, the limited to the unbounded, the near to the distant...&quot;.

When they spoil everything is when (probably because of the pop culture right-brain/left-brain nonsense) they mix the realistic vs. intuitive dimension with the logical vs. emotional dimension as if they were the same thing (when they are two different - and possibly orthogonal - dimensions).

Explaining better - you can perfectly to prefer imagination to reality and to be a logical (or even extreme logical) thinker; a good example are the abstract revolutionary intellectual who wants to destroy the present social order because &quot;it is illogical and it is the result of ancient historical accidents that are outdated&quot; and replace it with a &quot;rational and logical&quot; society, planned out of nothing from pure abstract principles (like the 18th century Philosophes or the 19th century Utilitarians), perhaps with days of 10 hours.

Or the opposite - you can prefer the reality exactly because your emotional connection with the reality you knows (your family, your village, your church, your royal family, your country, etc.).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Reading the article of American Thinker, makes more sense than appeared by the synopsis of Bruce.</p>
<p>If we look only for the realistic vs. intuitive dimension, of course that radicals (I prefer this word to &#8220;liberals&#8221;) will be more in the intuitive side, and conservatives in the realistic side. After all, the definition of conservative is exactly &#8220;to prefer the familiar to the unknown, to prefer the tried to the untried, fact to mystery, the actual to the possible, the limited to the unbounded, the near to the distant&#8230;&#8221;.</p>
<p>When they spoil everything is when (probably because of the pop culture right-brain/left-brain nonsense) they mix the realistic vs. intuitive dimension with the logical vs. emotional dimension as if they were the same thing (when they are two different &#8211; and possibly orthogonal &#8211; dimensions).</p>
<p>Explaining better &#8211; you can perfectly to prefer imagination to reality and to be a logical (or even extreme logical) thinker; a good example are the abstract revolutionary intellectual who wants to destroy the present social order because &#8220;it is illogical and it is the result of ancient historical accidents that are outdated&#8221; and replace it with a &#8220;rational and logical&#8221; society, planned out of nothing from pure abstract principles (like the 18th century Philosophes or the 19th century Utilitarians), perhaps with days of 10 hours.</p>
<p>Or the opposite &#8211; you can prefer the reality exactly because your emotional connection with the reality you knows (your family, your village, your church, your royal family, your country, etc.).</p>
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		<title>By: Miguel Madeira</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34132</link>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Madeira</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2011 15:04:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34132</guid>
		<description>A point about the heritability of political ideias is that is not much clear how this applies to countries who had a very big change in political topics over the years. Look to Portugal:

1820-1834 - Liberals  vs. Absolutists
1834 - 1890 - Democratic Liberals vs. Anti-Democratic Liberals
1890 - 1926 - Anarchism vs. Republic and Secularism vs. Monarchy and Catholicism
1926 - 1974 - &quot;Anti-Fascism&quot; vs. Conservative Dictatorship
1974-1975 - Communism vs. Western Democracy
1976-... State-leaning mixed economy vs. Free-market-leaning mixed economy

How heritability works in this scenario? If I am a liberal in 1825 (the most left-wing faction, supported by small artisans and defending a constitutional monarchy), what my grand-grandson will be in 1925 - an anarchist (the most left-wing faction)? a republican (the faction of small artisans and shopkeepers)? a monarchist (of the constitutional variant)?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A point about the heritability of political ideias is that is not much clear how this applies to countries who had a very big change in political topics over the years. Look to Portugal:</p>
<p>1820-1834 &#8211; Liberals  vs. Absolutists<br />
1834 &#8211; 1890 &#8211; Democratic Liberals vs. Anti-Democratic Liberals<br />
1890 &#8211; 1926 &#8211; Anarchism vs. Republic and Secularism vs. Monarchy and Catholicism<br />
1926 &#8211; 1974 &#8211; &#8220;Anti-Fascism&#8221; vs. Conservative Dictatorship<br />
1974-1975 &#8211; Communism vs. Western Democracy<br />
1976-&#8230; State-leaning mixed economy vs. Free-market-leaning mixed economy</p>
<p>How heritability works in this scenario? If I am a liberal in 1825 (the most left-wing faction, supported by small artisans and defending a constitutional monarchy), what my grand-grandson will be in 1925 &#8211; an anarchist (the most left-wing faction)? a republican (the faction of small artisans and shopkeepers)? a monarchist (of the constitutional variant)?</p>
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		<title>By: Miguel Madeira</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34131</link>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Madeira</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2011 14:41:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34131</guid>
		<description>&quot;Accordingly, Liberals are feelings-driven and respond to political issues emotionally. They cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion. Conservatives are logic-driven, weigh all the facts and reason sequentially to a conclusion. Liberals cherish security; Conservatives cherish liberty. All else stems from those values.&quot;

These does not make much sense  - after all, are the liberals and progressives who believe that human reason can build a perfect (or, at least, a better) society, and conservatives who believe that social order is maintained not by reason and logical, but by shared values, traditions, religion, prejudices, etc. (note the criticism of Edmund Burke against &quot;sophists, economists and calculators&quot;, or the reaction of the - usually conservative -  german Romanticism against the Enlightment values).

If anything, it seems that are liberals/progessives who are obsessed by logical reasoning and conservatives by emotion.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Accordingly, Liberals are feelings-driven and respond to political issues emotionally. They cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion. Conservatives are logic-driven, weigh all the facts and reason sequentially to a conclusion. Liberals cherish security; Conservatives cherish liberty. All else stems from those values.&#8221;</p>
<p>These does not make much sense  &#8211; after all, are the liberals and progressives who believe that human reason can build a perfect (or, at least, a better) society, and conservatives who believe that social order is maintained not by reason and logical, but by shared values, traditions, religion, prejudices, etc. (note the criticism of Edmund Burke against &#8220;sophists, economists and calculators&#8221;, or the reaction of the &#8211; usually conservative &#8211;  german Romanticism against the Enlightment values).</p>
<p>If anything, it seems that are liberals/progessives who are obsessed by logical reasoning and conservatives by emotion.</p>
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		<title>By: Douglas Knight</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34130</link>
		<dc:creator>Douglas Knight</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 19 Jun 2011 04:43:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34130</guid>
		<description>People obviously get their politics from their parents. That seems to me much more actionable than nuance about nature vs nurture, but people ignore it.

Older people are more conservative than younger people, but they rarely try to impart their wisdom to the youth, rather than just saying &quot;Someday you&#039;ll agree with me.&quot; Have they learned something or have their personalities just changed?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>People obviously get their politics from their parents. That seems to me much more actionable than nuance about nature vs nurture, but people ignore it.</p>
<p>Older people are more conservative than younger people, but they rarely try to impart their wisdom to the youth, rather than just saying &#8220;Someday you&#8217;ll agree with me.&#8221; Have they learned something or have their personalities just changed?</p>
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		<title>By: mike kenny</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34129</link>
		<dc:creator>mike kenny</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 22:27:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34129</guid>
		<description>thanks miko!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>thanks miko!</p>
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		<title>By: miko</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34128</link>
		<dc:creator>miko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 21:16:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34128</guid>
		<description>@mike: close, but it is not &quot;among people&quot;--it is within a population. Heritability is context-dependent; it varies over time/environment for a given organism/trait. And strictly speaking, it is the variation attributable to heritable factors, genes are the major ones, of course, but not the only ones. In addition to organelles, you probably also inherit your microbiome, pathogens, aspects of your metabolism, etc.

Re: &quot;actionable component&quot;: get on internet, shout about how it supports what you&#039;ve been saying all along.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@mike: close, but it is not &#8220;among people&#8221;&#8211;it is within a population. Heritability is context-dependent; it varies over time/environment for a given organism/trait. And strictly speaking, it is the variation attributable to heritable factors, genes are the major ones, of course, but not the only ones. In addition to organelles, you probably also inherit your microbiome, pathogens, aspects of your metabolism, etc.</p>
<p>Re: &#8220;actionable component&#8221;: get on internet, shout about how it supports what you&#8217;ve been saying all along.</p>
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		<title>By: Walenty Lisek</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34127</link>
		<dc:creator>Walenty Lisek</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 19:54:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34127</guid>
		<description>&quot;what’s the actionable component to this?&quot;

Have more babies if you want your side to have more votes in the future.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;what’s the actionable component to this?&#8221;</p>
<p>Have more babies if you want your side to have more votes in the future.</p>
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		<title>By: mike kenny</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34126</link>
		<dc:creator>mike kenny</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 18:35:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34126</guid>
		<description>like a lot of people i have trouble understanding heritability.  i found this helpful:

http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/homepage/45829.html

i wrote a blog post about trying to understand heritability, the gist of which was, &quot;so if i understand right, heritability could be translated as &#039;amount of difference among people attributable to genes.&#039;  please correct me if i am wrong!&quot;:

http://michaelkenny.blogspot.com/2011/06/ap-central-understanding-heritability.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>like a lot of people i have trouble understanding heritability.  i found this helpful:</p>
<p><a href="http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/homepage/45829.html" rel="nofollow">http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/members/homepage/45829.html</a></p>
<p>i wrote a blog post about trying to understand heritability, the gist of which was, &#8220;so if i understand right, heritability could be translated as &#8216;amount of difference among people attributable to genes.&#8217;  please correct me if i am wrong!&#8221;:</p>
<p><a href="http://michaelkenny.blogspot.com/2011/06/ap-central-understanding-heritability.html" rel="nofollow">http://michaelkenny.blogspot.com/2011/06/ap-central-understanding-heritability.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: miko</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34125</link>
		<dc:creator>miko</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 13:01:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34125</guid>
		<description>Razib, maybe you should license commenters with a short quiz on heritability. Or in the case of Bruce, a quiz on anything. Because good comments cherish smart, and all bad comments cherish stupid. All else stems from those cherishings.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Razib, maybe you should license commenters with a short quiz on heritability. Or in the case of Bruce, a quiz on anything. Because good comments cherish smart, and all bad comments cherish stupid. All else stems from those cherishings.</p>
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		<title>By: Michelle Dulak Thomson</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34124</link>
		<dc:creator>Michelle Dulak Thomson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 12:06:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34124</guid>
		<description>Well, that was sure a constructive exchange.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, that was sure a constructive exchange.</p>
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		<title>By: Razib Khan</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34123</link>
		<dc:creator>Razib Khan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 05:36:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34123</guid>
		<description>#11, stupid.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>#11, stupid.</p>
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		<title>By: Michelle Dulak Thomson</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34122</link>
		<dc:creator>Michelle Dulak Thomson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jun 2011 05:03:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34122</guid>
		<description>I can&#039;t imagine any study that would confirm this with any reasonable reliability. Most children who are not openly antagonistic towards their parents do tend to agree with their parents politically. But some don&#039;t; I&#039;m a lot more conservative than my parents are, and I know other folks that are much more liberal than their parents, without dislike on either side.

I don&#039;t see how any genetic link could be proved, absent studies of adopted children and their birth parents, which confidentiality makes very difficult to construct.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I can&#8217;t imagine any study that would confirm this with any reasonable reliability. Most children who are not openly antagonistic towards their parents do tend to agree with their parents politically. But some don&#8217;t; I&#8217;m a lot more conservative than my parents are, and I know other folks that are much more liberal than their parents, without dislike on either side.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t see how any genetic link could be proved, absent studies of adopted children and their birth parents, which confidentiality makes very difficult to construct.</p>
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		<title>By: Razib Khan</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34121</link>
		<dc:creator>Razib Khan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 21:32:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34121</guid>
		<description>bruce,

1) i am aware of the dopamine research

2) this: &lt;i&gt;. Accordingly, Liberals are feelings-driven and respond to political issues emotionally. They cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion. Conservatives are logic-driven, weigh all the facts and reason sequentially to a conclusion. Liberals cherish security; Conservatives cherish liberty. All else stems from those values.&lt;/i&gt;

sounds kind of retarded honestly, kind of like how liberals sometimes like to sat their ideology is based on reality and not norms. and just so you know, i vote republican usually and consider myself a conservative. unfortunately as humans we have a strong tendency in general to &quot;cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>bruce,</p>
<p>1) i am aware of the dopamine research</p>
<p>2) this: <i>. Accordingly, Liberals are feelings-driven and respond to political issues emotionally. They cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion. Conservatives are logic-driven, weigh all the facts and reason sequentially to a conclusion. Liberals cherish security; Conservatives cherish liberty. All else stems from those values.</i></p>
<p>sounds kind of retarded honestly, kind of like how liberals sometimes like to sat their ideology is based on reality and not norms. and just so you know, i vote republican usually and consider myself a conservative. unfortunately as humans we have a strong tendency in general to &#8220;cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Bruce</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34120</link>
		<dc:creator>Bruce</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 21:02:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34120</guid>
		<description>&quot; This is why heritabilities of being conservative and liberal can remain the same over time and across cultures, even though conservative and liberal can mean very different things in different contexts.&quot;

Possibly, but there&#039;s a physiological basis underlying the liberal/conservative bias. The latter has been traced to differencies in dopamine neurotransmitter chemistry which are innate to the individual:

http://www.americanthinker.com//blog/2010/11/genetics_and_politics.html

This does not change with external circumstance. Accordingly,  Liberals are feelings-driven and respond to political issues emotionally. They cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion. Conservatives are logic-driven, weigh all the facts and reason  sequentially to a conclusion. Liberals cherish security; Conservatives cherish liberty. All else stems from those values.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8221; This is why heritabilities of being conservative and liberal can remain the same over time and across cultures, even though conservative and liberal can mean very different things in different contexts.&#8221;</p>
<p>Possibly, but there&#8217;s a physiological basis underlying the liberal/conservative bias. The latter has been traced to differencies in dopamine neurotransmitter chemistry which are innate to the individual:</p>
<p><a href="http://www.americanthinker.com//blog/2010/11/genetics_and_politics.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.americanthinker.com//blog/2010/11/genetics_and_politics.html</a></p>
<p>This does not change with external circumstance. Accordingly,  Liberals are feelings-driven and respond to political issues emotionally. They cherry-pick facts that support their pre-conceived conclusion. Conservatives are logic-driven, weigh all the facts and reason  sequentially to a conclusion. Liberals cherish security; Conservatives cherish liberty. All else stems from those values.</p>
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		<title>By: Razib Khan</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34119</link>
		<dc:creator>Razib Khan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 20:41:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34119</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;All of this seems to have pretty low predictive power. &lt;/b&gt;I am having a hard time thinking about the statistical model that would be accurate to these results yet give any reasonable prediction, and I’m coming up short.&lt;/i&gt;

heritability is just the slope of the regression line between offspring and parents. does that help? if the heritability is high it can be highly predictive on an individual level even if you have parental information.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i><b>All of this seems to have pretty low predictive power. </b>I am having a hard time thinking about the statistical model that would be accurate to these results yet give any reasonable prediction, and I’m coming up short.</i></p>
<p>heritability is just the slope of the regression line between offspring and parents. does that help? if the heritability is high it can be highly predictive on an individual level even if you have parental information.</p>
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		<title>By: Markk</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34118</link>
		<dc:creator>Markk</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 19:52:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34118</guid>
		<description>I am still confused as to what &quot;heritability&quot; means in this context after reading your pointers. It either makes no sense or is pretty obvious and useless. I guess I (also?)  have trouble with how much the heritability is genetically determined inheritance vs inherited from the family. A re-examination by you of heritability in terms of behavioral traits wouldn&#039;t go wrong for me.

All of this seems to have pretty low predictive power.  I am having a hard time thinking about the statistical model that would be accurate to these results yet give any reasonable prediction, and I&#039;m coming up short.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am still confused as to what &#8220;heritability&#8221; means in this context after reading your pointers. It either makes no sense or is pretty obvious and useless. I guess I (also?)  have trouble with how much the heritability is genetically determined inheritance vs inherited from the family. A re-examination by you of heritability in terms of behavioral traits wouldn&#8217;t go wrong for me.</p>
<p>All of this seems to have pretty low predictive power.  I am having a hard time thinking about the statistical model that would be accurate to these results yet give any reasonable prediction, and I&#8217;m coming up short.</p>
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		<title>By: Violet</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34117</link>
		<dc:creator>Violet</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 19:30:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34117</guid>
		<description>How would this apply to other multi-party political systems? Usually there is a large group of  &#039;independents/undecided&#039; which swings  elections in Parliamentary systems. A person need not lean the same way throughout their life.
How would heritability of political orientation measured then, I wonder?

Perhaps it would have been more useful for people outside &#039;liberal-conservative&#039; divide  if the study specified &#039;traits&#039; that are linked to these orientations.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How would this apply to other multi-party political systems? Usually there is a large group of  &#8216;independents/undecided&#8217; which swings  elections in Parliamentary systems. A person need not lean the same way throughout their life.<br />
How would heritability of political orientation measured then, I wonder?</p>
<p>Perhaps it would have been more useful for people outside &#8216;liberal-conservative&#8217; divide  if the study specified &#8216;traits&#8217; that are linked to these orientations.</p>
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		<title>By: ohwilleke</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34116</link>
		<dc:creator>ohwilleke</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 17:27:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34116</guid>
		<description>&quot;The disposition toward conservatism and liberalism does not manifest in absolute tendencies, but attitudes and actions comprehensible only against a reference which allows for one’s own bias to come to the fore. &quot;

Agreed.  Also, there are &quot;extremes meet&quot; circumstances in which there are separate conservative and liberal ways of reaching the same conclusion on the same contested specific issue of public policy.  For example, a conservative might favor reducing prison sentences for an offense in order to reduce government spending while a liberal might favor the same statute because the current sentence is too harsh for the offense.

This component of heritability is also an area where the question of population level differences in inherited predisposition is a particular powder keg.  What does it mean for political theory if you can know from a statistically significant set of blood samples from registered voters that 70% of voters in New Hampshire are genetically predisposed to be conservative, while 70% of voters in Vermont are genetically predisposed to be liberal?

What about political appointees, candidates for public office and judicial candidates?  Does the public have a right to know their genetic political predispositions if they can be reliably determined and the public is relying on these individuals to make political decisions?  The notion of a political litmus test is increasingly starting to sound like a literal possibility.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;The disposition toward conservatism and liberalism does not manifest in absolute tendencies, but attitudes and actions comprehensible only against a reference which allows for one’s own bias to come to the fore. &#8221;</p>
<p>Agreed.  Also, there are &#8220;extremes meet&#8221; circumstances in which there are separate conservative and liberal ways of reaching the same conclusion on the same contested specific issue of public policy.  For example, a conservative might favor reducing prison sentences for an offense in order to reduce government spending while a liberal might favor the same statute because the current sentence is too harsh for the offense.</p>
<p>This component of heritability is also an area where the question of population level differences in inherited predisposition is a particular powder keg.  What does it mean for political theory if you can know from a statistically significant set of blood samples from registered voters that 70% of voters in New Hampshire are genetically predisposed to be conservative, while 70% of voters in Vermont are genetically predisposed to be liberal?</p>
<p>What about political appointees, candidates for public office and judicial candidates?  Does the public have a right to know their genetic political predispositions if they can be reliably determined and the public is relying on these individuals to make political decisions?  The notion of a political litmus test is increasingly starting to sound like a literal possibility.</p>
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		<title>By: genotopia</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/06/does-heritability-of-political-orientation-matter/#comment-34115</link>
		<dc:creator>genotopia</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jun 2011 13:42:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=12425#comment-34115</guid>
		<description>I greatly appreciate your critical approach to this kind of handwaving science, and I glow with camaraderie when you observe the widespread misconstrual of heritability.

And you&#039;re right, of course, that if you want to do something with this information, you basically have two choices: reshape the environment or reshape the genetics. The latter is eugenics. The former, euthenics. In the Progressive Era, Ellen Swallow Richards developed the notion of euthenics as a counterpart to eugenics. It never really caught on, but it&#039;s now seen as a precursor to home economics. It might also involve &lt;i&gt;euthenics&lt;/i&gt;, Josh Lederberg&#039;s term for reshaping the phenotype, or modifying the development, through various means (http://www.pachs.net/blogs/comments/euphenics_algeny_and_orthobiosis/).

So...what do you have in mind? How might we reshape environment and developmental context to influence political views? And who&#039;s going to do it? As with eugenics, the question is always, Who&#039;s in control?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I greatly appreciate your critical approach to this kind of handwaving science, and I glow with camaraderie when you observe the widespread misconstrual of heritability.</p>
<p>And you&#8217;re right, of course, that if you want to do something with this information, you basically have two choices: reshape the environment or reshape the genetics. The latter is eugenics. The former, euthenics. In the Progressive Era, Ellen Swallow Richards developed the notion of euthenics as a counterpart to eugenics. It never really caught on, but it&#8217;s now seen as a precursor to home economics. It might also involve <i>euthenics</i>, Josh Lederberg&#8217;s term for reshaping the phenotype, or modifying the development, through various means (<a href="http://www.pachs.net/blogs/comments/euphenics_algeny_and_orthobiosis/" rel="nofollow">http://www.pachs.net/blogs/comments/euphenics_algeny_and_orthobiosis/</a>).</p>
<p>So&#8230;what do you have in mind? How might we reshape environment and developmental context to influence political views? And who&#8217;s going to do it? As with eugenics, the question is always, Who&#8217;s in control?</p>
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