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	<title>Comments on: Are you a caveman?</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/</link>
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		<title>By: James Rogers</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38572</link>
		<dc:creator>James Rogers</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 19 Dec 2011 17:56:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38572</guid>
		<description>I was 2.9% (which 23andme reported as being in the 91st percentile). My phenotype is not &quot;neanderthoid&quot; at all --  skinny and a little above-average in height.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was 2.9% (which 23andme reported as being in the 91st percentile). My phenotype is not &#8220;neanderthoid&#8221; at all &#8212;  skinny and a little above-average in height.</p>
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		<title>By: pos</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38571</link>
		<dc:creator>pos</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Dec 2011 12:56:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38571</guid>
		<description>I am sceptical to the notion that the differences reported e.g. here are intra-population differences in Neandertal ancestry and not just differences in similarity to the Neandertal reference data available.

No studies so far have been able to show statistically significant differences in Neandertal ancestry between individuals from the same population. The apparent differences in analyses such as the PCA in the 23andme paper could be attributed to sampling variance. For example, West Africans also display variance in the similarity to the Neandertal data (see e.g. John Hawks recent post), even though under the current model they have no Neandertal ancestry.

When admixture occurred so long ago it is expected that it will homogenize in the population over time. Even though there could definitely be small differences we probably need more data from multiple Neandertals to accurately assess this.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am sceptical to the notion that the differences reported e.g. here are intra-population differences in Neandertal ancestry and not just differences in similarity to the Neandertal reference data available.</p>
<p>No studies so far have been able to show statistically significant differences in Neandertal ancestry between individuals from the same population. The apparent differences in analyses such as the PCA in the 23andme paper could be attributed to sampling variance. For example, West Africans also display variance in the similarity to the Neandertal data (see e.g. John Hawks recent post), even though under the current model they have no Neandertal ancestry.</p>
<p>When admixture occurred so long ago it is expected that it will homogenize in the population over time. Even though there could definitely be small differences we probably need more data from multiple Neandertals to accurately assess this.</p>
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		<title>By: Razib Khan</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38570</link>
		<dc:creator>Razib Khan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Dec 2011 02:07:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38570</guid>
		<description>#23, where? which paper?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>#23, where? which paper?</p>
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		<title>By: James</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38569</link>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Dec 2011 02:05:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38569</guid>
		<description>The PCA clearly shows that East Asians, on average, are closest to the Neanderthals, whereas Europeans are in between Africans and East Asians in terms of Neanderthal admixture.

The closest cluster towards the Chimpanzee component are the Africans, then South Asians, Europeans and East Asians at the other end of the spectrum.

The Denisova component (PC2) is harder to tell but Eurasians are in between Neanderthals and Denisova.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The PCA clearly shows that East Asians, on average, are closest to the Neanderthals, whereas Europeans are in between Africans and East Asians in terms of Neanderthal admixture.</p>
<p>The closest cluster towards the Chimpanzee component are the Africans, then South Asians, Europeans and East Asians at the other end of the spectrum.</p>
<p>The Denisova component (PC2) is harder to tell but Eurasians are in between Neanderthals and Denisova.</p>
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		<title>By: Nick</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38568</link>
		<dc:creator>Nick</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 11:58:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38568</guid>
		<description>3.1% = 98th percentile.  6 feet tall and always on the slim side, but I always thought my legs were rather short.   Maybe most telling is that when I was a kid my dad&#039;s baseball caps were way to small for my head... oh, and all that tree climbing.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>3.1% = 98th percentile.  6 feet tall and always on the slim side, but I always thought my legs were rather short.   Maybe most telling is that when I was a kid my dad&#8217;s baseball caps were way to small for my head&#8230; oh, and all that tree climbing.</p>
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		<title>By: Sandgroper</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38567</link>
		<dc:creator>Sandgroper</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 11:55:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38567</guid>
		<description>#13 - But modern Chinese have about the same Neanderthal admixture.

Although John Hawks has recently noted some regional variation within China - but it&#039;s not zero anywhere there.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>#13 &#8211; But modern Chinese have about the same Neanderthal admixture.</p>
<p>Although John Hawks has recently noted some regional variation within China &#8211; but it&#8217;s not zero anywhere there.</p>
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		<title>By: Gnetum</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38566</link>
		<dc:creator>Gnetum</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 08:50:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38566</guid>
		<description>2.8%, which is 77th percentile for eastern Asians (avg 2.6%).

I&#039;m Korean.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2.8%, which is 77th percentile for eastern Asians (avg 2.6%).</p>
<p>I&#8217;m Korean.</p>
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		<title>By: ogunsiron</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38565</link>
		<dc:creator>ogunsiron</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 06:57:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38565</guid>
		<description>1.6% , 4th percentile.
I&#039;m 80% west african though and only 15% european ( western europe).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1.6% , 4th percentile.<br />
I&#8217;m 80% west african though and only 15% european ( western europe).</p>
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		<title>By: Zack</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38564</link>
		<dc:creator>Zack</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 01:55:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38564</guid>
		<description>2.0%. Is that the lowest?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2.0%. Is that the lowest?</p>
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		<title>By: Mike Keesey</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38563</link>
		<dc:creator>Mike Keesey</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 17 Dec 2011 01:49:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38563</guid>
		<description>@rimon, now that you mention, I have some sort of occipital bun thing going on, too. Then again, aren&#039;t occipital buns present in some Subsaharan populations as well? So, archaic feature, but not necessarily Neandertal?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@rimon, now that you mention, I have some sort of occipital bun thing going on, too. Then again, aren&#8217;t occipital buns present in some Subsaharan populations as well? So, archaic feature, but not necessarily Neandertal?</p>
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		<title>By: dave chamberlin</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38562</link>
		<dc:creator>dave chamberlin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 23:32:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38562</guid>
		<description>Makes me think there will eventually be a world wide winner of the most Neanderthal person alive, well it won&#039;t be real news, unless Mr Most Neanderthal breeds with Mrs Most Neanderthal or the OctoMom. Enquirering minds will want to know.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Makes me think there will eventually be a world wide winner of the most Neanderthal person alive, well it won&#8217;t be real news, unless Mr Most Neanderthal breeds with Mrs Most Neanderthal or the OctoMom. Enquirering minds will want to know.</p>
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		<title>By: ackbark</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38561</link>
		<dc:creator>ackbark</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 23:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38561</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m 2.5%

Average customer: 2.5%

This seems unexciting. I feel somehow I want to be either all the way caveman or 0%.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m 2.5%</p>
<p>Average customer: 2.5%</p>
<p>This seems unexciting. I feel somehow I want to be either all the way caveman or 0%.</p>
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		<title>By: Blackbird</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38560</link>
		<dc:creator>Blackbird</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:22:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38560</guid>
		<description>Alam: they do not use the 180 SNPs in the 23andme estimation, rather they use a PCA approach based on all SPNs as they explain in the white paper.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Alam: they do not use the 180 SNPs in the 23andme estimation, rather they use a PCA approach based on all SPNs as they explain in the white paper.</p>
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		<title>By: rimon</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38559</link>
		<dc:creator>rimon</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 22:18:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38559</guid>
		<description>2.7%

I&#039;m tall with long limbs but with prominent bone structure everywhere: cheeks, jaw, hip bones etc. also I and some other family members have a very obvious bump on the back of our heads (occipital bun?)  I always thought we just had some russian/central asian phenotype though.

I&#039;m sure this isn&#039;t an original thought, but I always have thought that there is a &quot;shnoz zone&quot; from Europe all the way through India and Central Asia that might have be the rough range of the Neanderthals. compare the noses of the modern day inhabitants of this region to those of Asia and Africa. (except Japan, see the Ainu).  You could also call it a hirsute zone, too.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2.7%</p>
<p>I&#8217;m tall with long limbs but with prominent bone structure everywhere: cheeks, jaw, hip bones etc. also I and some other family members have a very obvious bump on the back of our heads (occipital bun?)  I always thought we just had some russian/central asian phenotype though.</p>
<p>I&#8217;m sure this isn&#8217;t an original thought, but I always have thought that there is a &#8220;shnoz zone&#8221; from Europe all the way through India and Central Asia that might have be the rough range of the Neanderthals. compare the noses of the modern day inhabitants of this region to those of Asia and Africa. (except Japan, see the Ainu).  You could also call it a hirsute zone, too.</p>
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		<title>By: Alam</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38558</link>
		<dc:creator>Alam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 19:42:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38558</guid>
		<description>https://23andme.https.internapcdn.net/res/pdf/jZxKxwC6liHimK59hqd1HQ_23-05_Neanderthal_Ancestry.pdf


Exerpt:

However, we believe there is a number of shortcomings with this approach.
First, there is no formal guarantee that these SNPs are indeed of Neanderthal origin.
Then, even in the ideal case where all of the 180 SNPs are indeed of Neanderthal
origin, they identify only 13 regions, the longest of which spans 160,000
bases. This is two orders of magnitude lower than 1% of Neanderthal ancestry
in ones genome. Therefore, the number of tag SNPs where one carries the Neanderthal
allele has very little information on the total amount of Neanderthal
ancestry one may have.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://23andme.https.internapcdn.net/res/pdf/jZxKxwC6liHimK59hqd1HQ_23-05_Neanderthal_Ancestry.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://23andme.https.internapcdn.net/res/pdf/jZxKxwC6liHimK59hqd1HQ_23-05_Neanderthal_Ancestry.pdf</a></p>
<p>Exerpt:</p>
<p>However, we believe there is a number of shortcomings with this approach.<br />
First, there is no formal guarantee that these SNPs are indeed of Neanderthal origin.<br />
Then, even in the ideal case where all of the 180 SNPs are indeed of Neanderthal<br />
origin, they identify only 13 regions, the longest of which spans 160,000<br />
bases. This is two orders of magnitude lower than 1% of Neanderthal ancestry<br />
in ones genome. Therefore, the number of tag SNPs where one carries the Neanderthal<br />
allele has very little information on the total amount of Neanderthal<br />
ancestry one may have.</p>
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		<title>By: Alam</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38557</link>
		<dc:creator>Alam</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 19:04:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38557</guid>
		<description>
I&#039;m  2.7% :(

But not stocky at all. Medium height and thin figure
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m  2.7% <img src='http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_sad.gif' alt=':(' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>But not stocky at all. Medium height and thin figure</p>
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		<title>By: Mustapha Mond</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38556</link>
		<dc:creator>Mustapha Mond</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:49:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38556</guid>
		<description>2.6%  I played as a guard in high school football and assumed I would have had a higher percentage.  I&#039;ve certainly been accused of &quot;Neanderthal behavior&quot; often enough over the years!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>2.6%  I played as a guard in high school football and assumed I would have had a higher percentage.  I&#8217;ve certainly been accused of &#8220;Neanderthal behavior&#8221; often enough over the years!</p>
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		<title>By: pconroy</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38555</link>
		<dc:creator>pconroy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 17:20:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38555</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m 2.7%, my Dad 2.7%, my Mom is 2.5% and my daughter is 2.9% - all V2.
My sister is 2.9 - V3

Wife 2.3%, Wife&#039;s Dad 2.3%, Wife&#039;s grandmother 2.6% - all V2
Wife&#039;s Dad 2.5%, Wife&#039;s Mom 2.7% - all V3

So V3 is adding 0.2% more to results - at least is one sample - something to figure in when comparing.

So the highest is my daughter at 2.9% V2, and while she doesn&#039;t have a Neanderthal phenotype, her French/Italian grandfather did - he is stocky, short (5&#039; 7&quot;) a great rugby player - played a position similar to a Running Back in American football -  and was of the fastest sprinters France ever produced - he still holds the 60M sprint record he set about 50 years ago, when he was 17 yo.

BTW, I&#039;m sharing with about 1200 people at Basic, and 350 at Advanced, and when I look at the people with 3.2% Neanderthal, I see a slight preponderance of Russians in the results, plus a relative who is 1/2 Irish and 1/2 Vietnamese.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m 2.7%, my Dad 2.7%, my Mom is 2.5% and my daughter is 2.9% &#8211; all V2.<br />
My sister is 2.9 &#8211; V3</p>
<p>Wife 2.3%, Wife&#8217;s Dad 2.3%, Wife&#8217;s grandmother 2.6% &#8211; all V2<br />
Wife&#8217;s Dad 2.5%, Wife&#8217;s Mom 2.7% &#8211; all V3</p>
<p>So V3 is adding 0.2% more to results &#8211; at least is one sample &#8211; something to figure in when comparing.</p>
<p>So the highest is my daughter at 2.9% V2, and while she doesn&#8217;t have a Neanderthal phenotype, her French/Italian grandfather did &#8211; he is stocky, short (5&#8242; 7&#8243;) a great rugby player &#8211; played a position similar to a Running Back in American football &#8211;  and was of the fastest sprinters France ever produced &#8211; he still holds the 60M sprint record he set about 50 years ago, when he was 17 yo.</p>
<p>BTW, I&#8217;m sharing with about 1200 people at Basic, and 350 at Advanced, and when I look at the people with 3.2% Neanderthal, I see a slight preponderance of Russians in the results, plus a relative who is 1/2 Irish and 1/2 Vietnamese.</p>
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		<title>By: Mike Keesey</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38554</link>
		<dc:creator>Mike Keesey</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 15:17:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38554</guid>
		<description>I was wondering if they would ever add something like this. A nice Christmas present!

I&#039;m 3.0%. I already knew I was ~1-4% Neandertal, but this makes it more real somehow.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I was wondering if they would ever add something like this. A nice Christmas present!</p>
<p>I&#8217;m 3.0%. I already knew I was ~1-4% Neandertal, but this makes it more real somehow.</p>
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		<title>By: Charles Nydorf</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/12/are-you-a-caveman/#comment-38553</link>
		<dc:creator>Charles Nydorf</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 16 Dec 2011 13:19:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=14796#comment-38553</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m 2.6% and phenotypically pretty Neanderthaloid.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m 2.6% and phenotypically pretty Neanderthaloid.</p>
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