http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kroch/scand/scand-frames.html

It doesn’t accord with my green square theory because County Durham, Tyne and Wear and southern Northumberland are the areas where there are lots of green squares but, according to the linked map, they contain few Scandinavian settlement names. The heavy area for these spans from North Yorkshire southwards to Leicestershire.

https://www.facebook.com/groups/11416337921/

At the Ancient Britons in Cardiff we were also told that the researchers found genetic differences within Cornwall with the people in the far west of Cornwall forming a separate cluster. This does not show up on any of the maps I’ve seen so far.

The place name Ingoldsby in Lincolnshire has been interpreted as meaning “English village”, suggesting that there were enough Danes in some districts that an Anglo-saxon village was noteworthy (-by typically indicates a Scandinavian settlement).

The Danish invasion was definitely not just an elite invasion. As Raimo noted, if you look at the place names in the north of England (the fell and dale area), it’s quite easy to pick out the large number of settlement names of Scandinavian origin. Also lots of surnames from the north of England (and Scotland) have a Scandinavian origin.

What will be helpful in interpreting the map is when we get to see the maps that connect this information to the rest of north west Europe and to the republic of Ireland as shown in this blog post.

http://cruwys.blogspot.com.au/2012/07/people-of-british-isles-project.html

I believe that the researchers have restricted themselves to people of rural origin, avoiding the cities. It would be good if they had samples from every non metropolitan county particularly more samples from Scotland.

I don’t see a good reason to avoid Cardiff or the or other parts of Wales now lacking from the data; these areas were still heavily Welsh speaking in the 1891 census and just selecting for example people whose all grand-parents were from these areas should have been to some extent an effective way of closing out the most recent waves of immigration.

It depends on whether the Danelaw represented merely an elite replacement or a full scale migration of a peoples displacing those who had been there previousl (largely anglo-saxons).

If the numbers coming from Scandinavia and Scandinavian populated areas in other parts of the british isles were relatively small they would have had a comparatively small impact on the genetic makeup of inhabitants of north-east england.

Danelaw lasted a relatively brief time. Insufficient for a small favored founding population to gradually outbreed the existing anglo-saxons.

Absolutely, that was the first thing I noticed too… Wonder what they’re looking at to determine the “squares”- what DNA they looked at? If we’re looking at mitochondrial dna we probably wouldn’t see any Danelaw evidence as the women were not brought over in large numbers.

Otherwise it is strange the Danes arn’t showing up in the North- unless they were indistinguishable from the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in this test.

Looking at the TIFF, the orange markers in SW Wales are all circles. All the orange markers in Northern England, in contrast, are squares. Most markers are squares, but there are also cicles in the Orkneys, as well as triangles. The question is, what do the shapes versus colors signify? I suppose colors could relate along one PC, and shapes along another. Their mapping software may just have run out of standard colors, however, and started using shapes for clusters.

Also, it’s odd the remote corners of Wales have so many samples, but virtually no one comes from Cardiff or the Welsh coal valleys. Perhaps they realized there would be significant admixture there, and skipped the area?

Scotland (outside of the Orkenys) and Northern Ireland seem to have very few samples. This seems to indicate there is no genetic difference between Lowlanders/Highlanders in Scotland, and none between Ulsterman and Irish in Northern Ireland, but given how spotty the data is in these areas, it’s hard to say for certain. It makes sense, given known history, that Ulstermen would cluster as Scots, but if Irish Catholics in Ulster do as well, it suggests that Ireland may not have merely introduced Gaelic just before recorded history, but largely ethnically replaced the Picts and whatever other Brythonic and/or non Indo-European groups were in Alba.

It would be fascinating to compare this with Anglo-Americans and see if Albion’s Seed is upheld on a genetic level (although the book was about cultural entities, not necessarily genetic).