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	<title>Comments for Gene Expression</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp</link>
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	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 15:59:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on Saiga through the bottleneck&#8230;and back? by sf</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/saiga-through-the-bottleneck-and-back/#comment-50104</link>
		<dc:creator>sf</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 15:59:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21140#comment-50104</guid>
		<description>The Place of the Skull by Chingiz Aitmatov  (Mar 1989)

contains a haunting portrayal of the senseless killing of the SAIGA  from helicopters, in the wanning years of the Soviet Union.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Place of the Skull by Chingiz Aitmatov  (Mar 1989)</p>
<p>contains a haunting portrayal of the senseless killing of the SAIGA  from helicopters, in the wanning years of the Soviet Union.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Dog and man: a 30,000 year friendship by marcel proust</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/dogs-and-man-a-30000-year-friendship/#comment-50103</link>
		<dc:creator>marcel proust</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 12:15:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21125#comment-50103</guid>
		<description>Thank you.  This is why I nitpick.  Often, what appears even to me to be nitpicking is actually reflective of my ignorance:  so I learn something when my nitpicking is corrected.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you.  This is why I nitpick.  Often, what appears even to me to be nitpicking is actually reflective of my ignorance:  so I learn something when my nitpicking is corrected.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Dog and man: a 30,000 year friendship by razibkhan</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/dogs-and-man-a-30000-year-friendship/#comment-50102</link>
		<dc:creator>razibkhan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 12:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21125#comment-50102</guid>
		<description>i should have used divergence. but i was talking about this:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescence_(genetics)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>i should have used divergence. but i was talking about this:</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescence_(genetics)" rel="nofollow">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalescence_(genetics)</a></p>
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		<title>Comment on Dog and man: a 30,000 year friendship by marcel proust</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/dogs-and-man-a-30000-year-friendship/#comment-50101</link>
		<dc:creator>marcel proust</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 11:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21125#comment-50101</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;The second aspect is that the &lt;strong&gt;coalescence&lt;/strong&gt; of the dog vs. wolf lineage is pushed further back in time than earlier genetic work, by a factor of three. &lt;/i&gt;

Um... 3 possibilities: (1) that word does not mean what you think it means (least likely), (2) I do not understand what is going on here (more likely), or (3) you meant to type &lt;strong&gt;divergence&lt;/strong&gt;.

Please elucidate (or correct if that is called for).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>The second aspect is that the <strong>coalescence</strong> of the dog vs. wolf lineage is pushed further back in time than earlier genetic work, by a factor of three. </i></p>
<p>Um&#8230; 3 possibilities: (1) that word does not mean what you think it means (least likely), (2) I do not understand what is going on here (more likely), or (3) you meant to type <strong>divergence</strong>.</p>
<p>Please elucidate (or correct if that is called for).</p>
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		<title>Comment on Dog and man: a 30,000 year friendship by razibkhan</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/dogs-and-man-a-30000-year-friendship/#comment-50100</link>
		<dc:creator>razibkhan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 11:54:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21125#comment-50100</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt; dogs are raised like livestock en mass which would preserve the genetic diversity. &lt;/i&gt;

not convincing. livestock can be subject to powerful selection and reduce genetic diversity.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i> dogs are raised like livestock en mass which would preserve the genetic diversity. </i></p>
<p>not convincing. livestock can be subject to powerful selection and reduce genetic diversity.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Dog and man: a 30,000 year friendship by Prick Eared</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/dogs-and-man-a-30000-year-friendship/#comment-50099</link>
		<dc:creator>Prick Eared</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 11:40:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21125#comment-50099</guid>
		<description>Didn&#039;t Bokyo already demonstrated African and Middle Eastern village dogs are just as genetically diverse as the Southeast Asian village dogs? For some reason, those who hold on strongly to the Southeast Asian origin theory tries to debunk the African village-dog discovery by citing the major trade routes in Africa and Middle East. True, their point may be valid, but no one ever seem to question the dog-consumption culture in East Asia: dogs are raised like livestock &lt;i&gt;en mass&lt;/i&gt; which would preserve the genetic diversity. At least comparatively to the pedigreed dogs of Europe.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Didn&#8217;t Bokyo already demonstrated African and Middle Eastern village dogs are just as genetically diverse as the Southeast Asian village dogs? For some reason, those who hold on strongly to the Southeast Asian origin theory tries to debunk the African village-dog discovery by citing the major trade routes in Africa and Middle East. True, their point may be valid, but no one ever seem to question the dog-consumption culture in East Asia: dogs are raised like livestock <i>en mass</i> which would preserve the genetic diversity. At least comparatively to the pedigreed dogs of Europe.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Open thread, 5/19/2013 by Sandgroper</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/open-thread-5192013/#comment-50098</link>
		<dc:creator>Sandgroper</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 06:36:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21077#comment-50098</guid>
		<description>This is not immigration - these are contract workers coming in on fixed term contracts who are required to leave on contract completion.

Given that people are employing these women to live with them in their own homes, help to supervise  their kids, prepare meals, etc. and that they keep on doing it (repeat contracts, etc),  it seems safe to assume that HK people have no problem with it. From observation and personal experience, relations are comfortable, even warm and friendly.

You&#039;ll always hear the occasional story of a rogue employer or employee, but that&#039;s clearly not the generality. And most of them do want to go home again - they don&#039;t see this as some route to permanent residence; certainly not now that the court ruling has made that completely clear.

</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is not immigration &#8211; these are contract workers coming in on fixed term contracts who are required to leave on contract completion.</p>
<p>Given that people are employing these women to live with them in their own homes, help to supervise  their kids, prepare meals, etc. and that they keep on doing it (repeat contracts, etc),  it seems safe to assume that HK people have no problem with it. From observation and personal experience, relations are comfortable, even warm and friendly.</p>
<p>You&#8217;ll always hear the occasional story of a rogue employer or employee, but that&#8217;s clearly not the generality. And most of them do want to go home again &#8211; they don&#8217;t see this as some route to permanent residence; certainly not now that the court ruling has made that completely clear.</p>
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		<title>Comment on 10,000 hours may gain you little if you have no talent by Charles</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/10000-hours-may-gain-you-little-if-you-have-no-talent/#comment-50097</link>
		<dc:creator>Charles</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 04:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21103#comment-50097</guid>
		<description>Regarding:

&quot;In domains of virtuosity the intersection of innate talent and conscientiousness are often critical.&quot;

I&#039;d imagine something like task commitment would matter too:
http://changelog.ca/quote/2012/07/06/task_commitment

As a side note, task commitment seems a lot like obsessive-compulsive behavior.

(I tend to conflate the two together. The difference between the two, in my mind, being the connotations people associate with then.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Regarding:</p>
<p>&#8220;In domains of virtuosity the intersection of innate talent and conscientiousness are often critical.&#8221;</p>
<p>I&#8217;d imagine something like task commitment would matter too:<br />
<a href="http://changelog.ca/quote/2012/07/06/task_commitment" rel="nofollow">http://changelog.ca/quote/2012/07/06/task_commitment</a></p>
<p>As a side note, task commitment seems a lot like obsessive-compulsive behavior.</p>
<p>(I tend to conflate the two together. The difference between the two, in my mind, being the connotations people associate with then.)</p>
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		<title>Comment on Why race as a biological construct matters by Charles</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/why-race-as-a-biological-construct-matters/#comment-50096</link>
		<dc:creator>Charles</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 03:52:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21046#comment-50096</guid>
		<description>Regarding:

&quot;Now we can move to the second visualization technique. While the PCA 
does not posit any hypothesis of population structure (it just “fell 
out” of the genetic variation due to the shared history of some 
individuals via their common ancestors), the second method is “model 
based,” in that the authors posited seven ancestral populations to match
 the seven populations which African Americans may be derived from.&quot;

I know you did not explicitly say this (so I&#039;m not trying to put words into your mouth). This is just a kind of side note (and something you probably already know)....

Using a PCA is not a model-less approach. It assumes a linear (or near linear) model.

Perhaps the data really is linear or near-linear is reality, but you could run non-linear analyses on the data.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Regarding:</p>
<p>&#8220;Now we can move to the second visualization technique. While the PCA<br />
does not posit any hypothesis of population structure (it just “fell<br />
out” of the genetic variation due to the shared history of some<br />
individuals via their common ancestors), the second method is “model<br />
based,” in that the authors posited seven ancestral populations to match<br />
 the seven populations which African Americans may be derived from.&#8221;</p>
<p>I know you did not explicitly say this (so I&#8217;m not trying to put words into your mouth). This is just a kind of side note (and something you probably already know)&#8230;.</p>
<p>Using a PCA is not a model-less approach. It assumes a linear (or near linear) model.</p>
<p>Perhaps the data really is linear or near-linear is reality, but you could run non-linear analyses on the data.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Open thread, 5/19/2013 by T. Greer</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/open-thread-5192013/#comment-50095</link>
		<dc:creator>T. Greer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 03:41:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21077#comment-50095</guid>
		<description>Here are a few links that may interest you:

From Ashwin Paramsweran-

&lt;a href=&quot;http://alittledisorder.com/resilience-across-domains/economics/technological-unemployment-amidst-stagnation/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Technological Unemployment Amidst Stagnation&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.macroresilience.com/2013/05/09/deskilling-and-the-cul-de-sac-of-near-perfect-automation/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Deskilling and the Cul De Sac of Near Perfect Automation.&lt;/a&gt;

From J. N. Nielson - 

&lt;a href=&quot;http://geopolicraticus.wordpress.com/2013/03/14/automation-and-the-human-future/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Automation and the Human Future&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://geopolicraticus.wordpress.com/2013/03/17/addendum-on-automation-and-the-human-future/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Addendum on Automation and the Human Future&lt;/a&gt;

&lt;a href=&quot;http://geopolicraticus.tumblr.com/post/49248388178/technological-unemployment-and-the-future-of-humanity&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Technological Unemployment and the Future of humanity&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here are a few links that may interest you:</p>
<p>From Ashwin Paramsweran-</p>
<p><a href="http://alittledisorder.com/resilience-across-domains/economics/technological-unemployment-amidst-stagnation/" rel="nofollow">Technological Unemployment Amidst Stagnation</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.macroresilience.com/2013/05/09/deskilling-and-the-cul-de-sac-of-near-perfect-automation/" rel="nofollow">Deskilling and the Cul De Sac of Near Perfect Automation.</a></p>
<p>From J. N. Nielson &#8211; </p>
<p><a href="http://geopolicraticus.wordpress.com/2013/03/14/automation-and-the-human-future/" rel="nofollow">Automation and the Human Future</a></p>
<p><a href="http://geopolicraticus.wordpress.com/2013/03/17/addendum-on-automation-and-the-human-future/" rel="nofollow">Addendum on Automation and the Human Future</a></p>
<p><a href="http://geopolicraticus.tumblr.com/post/49248388178/technological-unemployment-and-the-future-of-humanity" rel="nofollow">Technological Unemployment and the Future of humanity</a></p>
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		<title>Comment on Open thread, 5/19/2013 by T. Greer</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/open-thread-5192013/#comment-50094</link>
		<dc:creator>T. Greer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 03:13:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21077#comment-50094</guid>
		<description>Any details on how Hong Kongers feel about Indonesian immigration? (My information came from conversations with friends of mine from/in Hong Kong, not anything I read.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Any details on how Hong Kongers feel about Indonesian immigration? (My information came from conversations with friends of mine from/in Hong Kong, not anything I read.)</p>
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		<title>Comment on Please ignore mtDNA and Y chromosomal haplogroups by badJim</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/please-ignore-mtdna-and-y-chromosomal-haplogroups/#comment-50093</link>
		<dc:creator>badJim</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 02:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21094#comment-50093</guid>
		<description>It&#039;s possible that my ancestry is so simple that the Y-chromosome (Irish) and MtDNA (Swedish) specify nearly 90% of my genetic inheritance, assuming that the Irish and Swedish populations have been pretty isolated since the end of the last ice age.


There may be some surprises when I get the results from 23andme in a month or so, but I&#039;m not optimistic.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s possible that my ancestry is so simple that the Y-chromosome (Irish) and MtDNA (Swedish) specify nearly 90% of my genetic inheritance, assuming that the Irish and Swedish populations have been pretty isolated since the end of the last ice age.</p>
<p>There may be some surprises when I get the results from 23andme in a month or so, but I&#8217;m not optimistic.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Vulcans through the eye of the bottleneck by Elias Chan-Sui</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/vulcans-through-the-eye-of-the-bottleneck/#comment-50092</link>
		<dc:creator>Elias Chan-Sui</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 01:32:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21079#comment-50092</guid>
		<description>I had forgotten. Now, I &quot;remember.&quot; That would make the greatest difference. I still think that inter-breeding for the sake of both culture and progeny is a logical choice that many Vulcans will make.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I had forgotten. Now, I &#8220;remember.&#8221; That would make the greatest difference. I still think that inter-breeding for the sake of both culture and progeny is a logical choice that many Vulcans will make.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Angelina Jolie, Myriad Genetics, &amp; patents on genes by George Jones</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/angelina-jolie-myriad-genetics-and-patents-on-genetic-tests/#comment-50091</link>
		<dc:creator>George Jones</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 May 2013 00:23:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21038#comment-50091</guid>
		<description>This was in the New York Times today about Myriad and has some relevant opinions and information. 


http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/opinion/the-outrageous-cost-of-a-gene-test.html?ref=opinion&amp;_r=0

David Agus was one of the founders of Navigenics. He says:

&quot;Without competition, Myriad can effectively charge whatever it wants. Later this year, the company said it would begin incorporating the BRCA test into a 25-gene cancer-risk evaluation and phase out the à la carte BRCA test by 2015. For that broader test, it projects a gross profit margin of 87 percent.&quot;

&quot;I’m all for innovation and the right to protect intellectual property, but when there is a clear monopoly and human lives are at stake, we need legislative action for rational and appropriate pricing. We don’t make vaccines prohibitively expensive so only the rich can protect themselves. Nor should we let other preventive measures that can save thousands of lives be priced at levels far above what normal “market conditions” would suggest.&quot;



Odds are good that the Supreme Court will side with Myriad ... see recent case where there sided with Monsanto. 


It&#039;s then up to Congress to set things right.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This was in the New York Times today about Myriad and has some relevant opinions and information. </p>
<p><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/opinion/the-outrageous-cost-of-a-gene-test.html?ref=opinion&#038;_r=0" rel="nofollow">http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/opinion/the-outrageous-cost-of-a-gene-test.html?ref=opinion&#038;_r=0</a></p>
<p>David Agus was one of the founders of Navigenics. He says:</p>
<p>&#8220;Without competition, Myriad can effectively charge whatever it wants. Later this year, the company said it would begin incorporating the BRCA test into a 25-gene cancer-risk evaluation and phase out the à la carte BRCA test by 2015. For that broader test, it projects a gross profit margin of 87 percent.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;I’m all for innovation and the right to protect intellectual property, but when there is a clear monopoly and human lives are at stake, we need legislative action for rational and appropriate pricing. We don’t make vaccines prohibitively expensive so only the rich can protect themselves. Nor should we let other preventive measures that can save thousands of lives be priced at levels far above what normal “market conditions” would suggest.&#8221;</p>
<p>Odds are good that the Supreme Court will side with Myriad &#8230; see recent case where there sided with Monsanto. </p>
<p>It&#8217;s then up to Congress to set things right.</p>
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		<title>Comment on 10,000 hours may gain you little if you have no talent by Coemgen</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/10000-hours-may-gain-you-little-if-you-have-no-talent/#comment-50090</link>
		<dc:creator>Coemgen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 21:29:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21103#comment-50090</guid>
		<description>I thought Gladwell&#039;s finding, that NHL players from Canada tend to have birthdays in certain months, pretty compelling.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I thought Gladwell&#8217;s finding, that NHL players from Canada tend to have birthdays in certain months, pretty compelling.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Please ignore mtDNA and Y chromosomal haplogroups by Tyrone Bowes</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/please-ignore-mtdna-and-y-chromosomal-haplogroups/#comment-50089</link>
		<dc:creator>Tyrone Bowes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 20:36:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21094#comment-50089</guid>
		<description>Yes it depends on when surnames appeared. It works particularly well for the Scots and Irish and it can pinpoint an area to within a 5 mile radius http://www.surnamedna.com/?articles=using-y-chromosome-dna-testing-to-pinpoint-a-genetic-homeland-in-ireland</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Yes it depends on when surnames appeared. It works particularly well for the Scots and Irish and it can pinpoint an area to within a 5 mile radius <a href="http://www.surnamedna.com/?articles=using-y-chromosome-dna-testing-to-pinpoint-a-genetic-homeland-in-ireland" rel="nofollow">http://www.surnamedna.com/?articles=using-y-chromosome-dna-testing-to-pinpoint-a-genetic-homeland-in-ireland</a></p>
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		<title>Comment on Please ignore mtDNA and Y chromosomal haplogroups by Paul Ó Dubhthaigh</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/please-ignore-mtdna-and-y-chromosomal-haplogroups/#comment-50088</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul Ó Dubhthaigh</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 20:27:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21094#comment-50088</guid>
		<description>Of course it does depend on when surnames are adopted in a region, we here in Ireland are bit spoilt in that choice given majority of irish surnames have been around in some form up to 1000 years.

Razib regarding large scale population studies I see Flanders study have published new report they finally tested for R1b-L21 which they had left out the last time around. They also tested for R1b-Z195.

&quot;Increasing phylogenetic resolution still informative for Y chromosomal studies on West-European populations&quot;

http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(13)00101-4/abstract

-Paul</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Of course it does depend on when surnames are adopted in a region, we here in Ireland are bit spoilt in that choice given majority of irish surnames have been around in some form up to 1000 years.</p>
<p>Razib regarding large scale population studies I see Flanders study have published new report they finally tested for R1b-L21 which they had left out the last time around. They also tested for R1b-Z195.</p>
<p>&#8220;Increasing phylogenetic resolution still informative for Y chromosomal studies on West-European populations&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(13)00101-4/abstract" rel="nofollow">http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(13)00101-4/abstract</a></p>
<p>-Paul</p>
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		<title>Comment on Please ignore mtDNA and Y chromosomal haplogroups by Tyrone Bowes</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/please-ignore-mtdna-and-y-chromosomal-haplogroups/#comment-50087</link>
		<dc:creator>Tyrone Bowes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 19:56:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21094#comment-50087</guid>
		<description>If you have had a Y-DNA test then look at the surnames of the people you share a common male ancestor with. You will notice that they are all different and this is because those surnames arose among a group of related males living in a very specific area. Find out where the surnames that appear in your Y-DNA results originate and you&#039;ll reveal a common area of association or literally where your ancestor lived when he picked his surname (typically 1000 years ago)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If you have had a Y-DNA test then look at the surnames of the people you share a common male ancestor with. You will notice that they are all different and this is because those surnames arose among a group of related males living in a very specific area. Find out where the surnames that appear in your Y-DNA results originate and you&#8217;ll reveal a common area of association or literally where your ancestor lived when he picked his surname (typically 1000 years ago)</p>
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		<title>Comment on Open thread, 5/19/2013 by Karl Zimmerman</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/open-thread-5192013/#comment-50086</link>
		<dc:creator>Karl Zimmerman</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 16:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21077#comment-50086</guid>
		<description>Given the commenters on here span the political spectrum, I&#039;m wondering about thoughts on mass unemployment due to technology?

The subject has been on my mind lately.  I read an interesting article in the airport (can&#039;t remember if it was in Discover or Scientific American) about the coming rise of 3D printing in manufacturing.  In addition, there&#039;s &lt;a HREF=&quot;http://www.technologyreview.com/view/514861/its-time-to-talk-about-the-burgeoning-robot-middle-class/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;this article&lt;/A&gt;, which details a new much cheaper manufacturing robot which has the capabilities to wipe out much of the remaining low-wage assembly work.  And of course, &lt;a HREF=&quot;http://www.gizmag.com/hamburger-machine/25159/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;the robot hamburger maker&lt;/A&gt;, which got more buzz around the web this week.  



Mass unemployment due to automation had not happened yet, even though it&#039;s been predicted for generations.  But it seems like automation is hitting its stride now, and there just aren&#039;t obvious job growth areas to make up the difference.  


For those of us who lean left economically, there is at least a simple solution, although in practice it may not be easy to implement.  But I&#039;m curious what posters on the right side of the spectrum think should be done once the bottom third (or more) of the aptitude spectrum cannot do any job that a machine can&#039;t perform better?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Given the commenters on here span the political spectrum, I&#8217;m wondering about thoughts on mass unemployment due to technology?</p>
<p>The subject has been on my mind lately.  I read an interesting article in the airport (can&#8217;t remember if it was in Discover or Scientific American) about the coming rise of 3D printing in manufacturing.  In addition, there&#8217;s <a HREF="http://www.technologyreview.com/view/514861/its-time-to-talk-about-the-burgeoning-robot-middle-class/" rel="nofollow">this article</a>, which details a new much cheaper manufacturing robot which has the capabilities to wipe out much of the remaining low-wage assembly work.  And of course, <a HREF="http://www.gizmag.com/hamburger-machine/25159/" rel="nofollow">the robot hamburger maker</a>, which got more buzz around the web this week.  </p>
<p>Mass unemployment due to automation had not happened yet, even though it&#8217;s been predicted for generations.  But it seems like automation is hitting its stride now, and there just aren&#8217;t obvious job growth areas to make up the difference.  </p>
<p>For those of us who lean left economically, there is at least a simple solution, although in practice it may not be easy to implement.  But I&#8217;m curious what posters on the right side of the spectrum think should be done once the bottom third (or more) of the aptitude spectrum cannot do any job that a machine can&#8217;t perform better?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Why race as a biological construct matters by Jacob M</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2013/05/why-race-as-a-biological-construct-matters/#comment-50085</link>
		<dc:creator>Jacob M</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 May 2013 14:28:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/?p=21046#comment-50085</guid>
		<description>The idea in Charles Mann&#039;s book isn&#039;t that Europeans decided to import African slaves because of their resistance to malaria.


Rather that African slaves&#039; resistance to malaria made the institution of African slavery &quot;work&quot;. 


He points out that the cost of buying and maintaining an African slave may have actually been higher than the cost of having a European indentured servant come over. Further, wouldn&#039;t you prefer having a European servant come over because they&#039;re closer to your culture and could even be directly from England and speak English?


This system was tried, and did exist, but the fact that Europeans were so susceptible to malaria meant that these individuals never lasted long, whereas African slaves did.


Further, if you look throughout the Americas, you see a much larger proportion of Afro-descendants in hot humid areas. Look at the Carribean. Look at the coastal areas of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Up in the Andes, Afro-descendants are much fewer. In many coastal areas that are prone to malaria, they predominate.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The idea in Charles Mann&#8217;s book isn&#8217;t that Europeans decided to import African slaves because of their resistance to malaria.</p>
<p>Rather that African slaves&#8217; resistance to malaria made the institution of African slavery &#8220;work&#8221;. </p>
<p>He points out that the cost of buying and maintaining an African slave may have actually been higher than the cost of having a European indentured servant come over. Further, wouldn&#8217;t you prefer having a European servant come over because they&#8217;re closer to your culture and could even be directly from England and speak English?</p>
<p>This system was tried, and did exist, but the fact that Europeans were so susceptible to malaria meant that these individuals never lasted long, whereas African slaves did.</p>
<p>Further, if you look throughout the Americas, you see a much larger proportion of Afro-descendants in hot humid areas. Look at the Carribean. Look at the coastal areas of Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Up in the Andes, Afro-descendants are much fewer. In many coastal areas that are prone to malaria, they predominate.</p>
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