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	<title>Comments on: Toxoplasma on the Brain</title>
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	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/</link>
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		<title>By: Dolores</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3449</link>
		<dc:creator>Dolores</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 14:23:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3449</guid>
		<description>Thank you for the enlightening article. Please keep up this most important study of disease and illness.

Also would appreciate articles on frontal lobe accidents to the human brain, related to behavior after an event.

Criminal behavior because of brain injury. And learning problems and crime.


                                                                       Thank you</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you for the enlightening article. Please keep up this most important study of disease and illness.</p>
<p>Also would appreciate articles on frontal lobe accidents to the human brain, related to behavior after an event.</p>
<p>Criminal behavior because of brain injury. And learning problems and crime.</p>
<p>                                                                       Thank you</p>
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		<title>By: Robert Heinlein</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3446</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert Heinlein</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Feb 2007 06:21:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3446</guid>
		<description>Does anyone know if toxoplasmosis has an extended neural net?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Does anyone know if toxoplasmosis has an extended neural net?</p>
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		<title>By: John McCoy</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3445</link>
		<dc:creator>John McCoy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 31 Jul 2006 06:30:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3445</guid>
		<description>I propose the following hypothesis:

Toxoplasma controls rat and mouse behaviour by releasing (or stimulating the release of) dopamine whenever serum adrenaline levels spike.  This causes infected rodents to become &quot;adrenaline junkies&quot; or thrill seekers.  They linger in areas smelling of cat urine because it thrills them to do so.  This is not willful or conscious behavior, but a simple chemical response that conferred a survival advantage.  Toxoplasma exhibits the same behavior in humans, even though it does the organism no good.  It just does this whenever it is not in a cat.

This could account for much human self-sabotaging, self-destructive or thrill-seeking behaviors.  I am pretty sure it explains my pathological procrastination.  I have been conditioned by Toxoplasma to behave in ways that will make authority figures threaten me.  (My father yelling at me for not finishing my homework.  My boss threatening to give me a bad review).  Perhaps criminals carry this to less civilized extremes.  We&#039;re all just tempting the big cat to eat us.

Perhaps toxoplasma is the root of all evil.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I propose the following hypothesis:</p>
<p>Toxoplasma controls rat and mouse behaviour by releasing (or stimulating the release of) dopamine whenever serum adrenaline levels spike.  This causes infected rodents to become &#8220;adrenaline junkies&#8221; or thrill seekers.  They linger in areas smelling of cat urine because it thrills them to do so.  This is not willful or conscious behavior, but a simple chemical response that conferred a survival advantage.  Toxoplasma exhibits the same behavior in humans, even though it does the organism no good.  It just does this whenever it is not in a cat.</p>
<p>This could account for much human self-sabotaging, self-destructive or thrill-seeking behaviors.  I am pretty sure it explains my pathological procrastination.  I have been conditioned by Toxoplasma to behave in ways that will make authority figures threaten me.  (My father yelling at me for not finishing my homework.  My boss threatening to give me a bad review).  Perhaps criminals carry this to less civilized extremes.  We&#8217;re all just tempting the big cat to eat us.</p>
<p>Perhaps toxoplasma is the root of all evil.</p>
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		<title>By: Chad Okere</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3444</link>
		<dc:creator>Chad Okere</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 24 Jun 2006 05:59:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3444</guid>
		<description>I wonder if all there all kinds of crazy animals living in our bodies that havn&#039;t been discovered yet because they don&#039;t cause problems.  Obviously viruses, but could something as large as a eukaryote live in humans undetected?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wonder if all there all kinds of crazy animals living in our bodies that havn&#8217;t been discovered yet because they don&#8217;t cause problems.  Obviously viruses, but could something as large as a eukaryote live in humans undetected?</p>
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		<title>By: Carl Zimmer</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3443</link>
		<dc:creator>Carl Zimmer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Jun 2006 03:01:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3443</guid>
		<description>Thanks, Jason--I tried to squeeze the personality stuff into my article, but there just wasn&#039;t room. The parasite is too damn cool for its own good.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks, Jason&#8211;I tried to squeeze the personality stuff into my article, but there just wasn&#8217;t room. The parasite is too damn cool for its own good.</p>
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		<title>By: Jason Malloy</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3442</link>
		<dc:creator>Jason Malloy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2006 22:16:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3442</guid>
		<description>Toxoplasmosis is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/thisweek/story/0,12977,1048642,00.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;scary stuff&lt;/a&gt;:

&lt;blockquote&gt;Jaroslav Flegr, the professor of parasitology behind the research at Charles University in Prague, . . . says, that toxoplasma infection and subsequent delayed reaction times were linked to a greater risk of traffic accidents. &lt;b&gt;&quot;If our data are true then about a million people a year die just because they are infected with toxoplasma,&quot;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Infection relates to double or triple the amount of &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16332418&amp;query_hl=1&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;car&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/2/11&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;accidents&lt;/a&gt;,   (presumably) from slower &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&amp;DB=pubmed&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reaction times&lt;/a&gt;.

Both car accident rate and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://els/01602896/2001/00000029/00000005/art00062&amp;unc=&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;reaction time&lt;/a&gt; are related to IQ, so I Pubmed-ed it, and sure enough, toxoplasma is also &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12853170&amp;query_hl=3&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;associated with&lt;/a&gt; lower IQ scores. (I wonder if the path runs the other way? Hygiene propensity, perhaps.)

Anyway I further regret my past associations with cats.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Toxoplasmosis is <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/thisweek/story/0,12977,1048642,00.html" rel="nofollow">scary stuff</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Jaroslav Flegr, the professor of parasitology behind the research at Charles University in Prague, . . . says, that toxoplasma infection and subsequent delayed reaction times were linked to a greater risk of traffic accidents. <b>&#8220;If our data are true then about a million people a year die just because they are infected with toxoplasma,&#8221;</b></p></blockquote>
<p>Infection relates to double or triple the amount of <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=16332418&amp;query_hl=1&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow">car</a> <a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/2/11" rel="nofollow">accidents</a>,   (presumably) from slower <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&amp;DB=pubmed" rel="nofollow">reaction times</a>.</p>
<p>Both car accident rate and <a href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://els/01602896/2001/00000029/00000005/art00062&amp;unc=" rel="nofollow">reaction time</a> are related to IQ, so I Pubmed-ed it, and sure enough, toxoplasma is also <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12853170&amp;query_hl=3&amp;itool=pubmed_docsum" rel="nofollow">associated with</a> lower IQ scores. (I wonder if the path runs the other way? Hygiene propensity, perhaps.)</p>
<p>Anyway I further regret my past associations with cats.</p>
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		<title>By: michelle thomas</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3441</link>
		<dc:creator>michelle thomas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2006 20:04:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3441</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m curious if the broad-spectrum anti-PS mab currently being investigated at NIAID would be applicable, since the parasite avoids innate immune recognition through exposed phosphatidylserine.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m curious if the broad-spectrum anti-PS mab currently being investigated at NIAID would be applicable, since the parasite avoids innate immune recognition through exposed phosphatidylserine.</p>
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		<title>By: michelle thomas</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3440</link>
		<dc:creator>michelle thomas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2006 20:03:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3440</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m curious if the broad spectrum anti-PS mab currently being investigated at NIAID would be applicable, since the parasite avoids innate immune recognition through exposed phospatidylserine.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m curious if the broad spectrum anti-PS mab currently being investigated at NIAID would be applicable, since the parasite avoids innate immune recognition through exposed phospatidylserine.</p>
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		<title>By: Complex Medium</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3448</link>
		<dc:creator>Complex Medium</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2006 17:10:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3448</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;Trafficking&lt;/strong&gt;

Carl Zimmer has an excellent article in Tuesday&#039;s Science Times on the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, with accompanying commenary on his blog.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Trafficking</strong></p>
<p>Carl Zimmer has an excellent article in Tuesday&#8217;s Science Times on the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, with accompanying commenary on his blog.</p>
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		<title>By: Carl Zimmer</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3439</link>
		<dc:creator>Carl Zimmer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jun 2006 13:20:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/loom/2006/06/20/toxoplasma-on-the-brain/#comment-3439</guid>
		<description>Sulfa drugs are standard treatment for acute infection, but pretty harsh. Some people looking into the schizophrenia link want to try artemisinin, which is less harsh. (It&#039;s an antimalarial drug--Toxoplasma and Plasmodium are related.)</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sulfa drugs are standard treatment for acute infection, but pretty harsh. Some people looking into the schizophrenia link want to try artemisinin, which is less harsh. (It&#8217;s an antimalarial drug&#8211;Toxoplasma and Plasmodium are related.)</p>
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