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	<title>Comments on: Wasps use genes stolen from ancient viruses to make biological weapons</title>
	<atom:link href="http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/</link>
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		<title>By: James</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2390</link>
		<dc:creator>James</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Jun 2009 04:06:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2390</guid>
		<description>Cyberworld is full of indecipherable sci-pseudo-jargon that is not very well written. I would like to thank you for inspiring me to be a better writer in terms of clarity and lucidity; for your ability to express complex subjects in a manner that makes it easy to understand is exemplary. You should be a spokesperson for the World Health Organization.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cyberworld is full of indecipherable sci-pseudo-jargon that is not very well written. I would like to thank you for inspiring me to be a better writer in terms of clarity and lucidity; for your ability to express complex subjects in a manner that makes it easy to understand is exemplary. You should be a spokesperson for the World Health Organization.</p>
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		<title>By: aratina</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2389</link>
		<dc:creator>aratina</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Feb 2009 02:17:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2389</guid>
		<description>Stunning! This could make for an awesome sci-fi story.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Stunning! This could make for an awesome sci-fi story.</p>
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		<title>By: Dallas</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2388</link>
		<dc:creator>Dallas</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Feb 2009 22:28:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2388</guid>
		<description>Wow. This is one of the coolest examples of horizontal gene transfer I&#039;ve heard about. Thanks for posting this.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wow. This is one of the coolest examples of horizontal gene transfer I&#8217;ve heard about. Thanks for posting this.</p>
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		<title>By: Larry Ayers</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2387</link>
		<dc:creator>Larry Ayers</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Feb 2009 18:47:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2387</guid>
		<description>I&#039;d much rather read posts like this rather than pointless battles between theists and atheists.  Go Ed!
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;d much rather read posts like this rather than pointless battles between theists and atheists.  Go Ed!</p>
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		<title>By: John</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2386</link>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Feb 2009 04:13:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2386</guid>
		<description>Another cool narration by Ed.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Another cool narration by Ed.</p>
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		<title>By: magetoo</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2385</link>
		<dc:creator>magetoo</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 11:20:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2385</guid>
		<description>What ERV said.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What ERV said.</p>
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		<title>By: ERV</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2384</link>
		<dc:creator>ERV</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 23:12:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2384</guid>
		<description>AHHH COOOOOOOOOOOL!!!
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>AHHH COOOOOOOOOOOL!!!</p>
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		<title>By: Nathan Myers</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2383</link>
		<dc:creator>Nathan Myers</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 21:38:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2383</guid>
		<description>This provokes the question as to where and how viruses originated.  Might this be &lt;i&gt;not&lt;/i&gt; a case of genes migrating from viruses to wasps, but rather a case of genes failing to migrate from wasps to polydnaviruses?  If that is not plausible (for some specific reason) in this case, is there any reason it can&#039;t be in some more likely case, e.g. an archaeon or bacterium?
I am thinking, particularly, of bacteriophages, which seem to me more likely to have been hijacked by viruses than to have been invented by them.  Parasites are generally better known for a tendency to degeneracy than for exquisite mechanical engineering.  Has anyone even looked for instances of a bacterium using the phage structure as a carrier for communication or as a weapons delivery platform?  Might not the phage virus &lt;i&gt;qua&lt;/i&gt; virus itself originate as a weapon in inter-bacterial warfare?
The idea seems testable by identifying patterns of phage components in bacterial genomes.
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		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This provokes the question as to where and how viruses originated.  Might this be <i>not</i> a case of genes migrating from viruses to wasps, but rather a case of genes failing to migrate from wasps to polydnaviruses?  If that is not plausible (for some specific reason) in this case, is there any reason it can&#8217;t be in some more likely case, e.g. an archaeon or bacterium?<br />
I am thinking, particularly, of bacteriophages, which seem to me more likely to have been hijacked by viruses than to have been invented by them.  Parasites are generally better known for a tendency to degeneracy than for exquisite mechanical engineering.  Has anyone even looked for instances of a bacterium using the phage structure as a carrier for communication or as a weapons delivery platform?  Might not the phage virus <i>qua</i> virus itself originate as a weapon in inter-bacterial warfare?<br />
The idea seems testable by identifying patterns of phage components in bacterial genomes.</p>
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		<title>By: jj</title>
		<link>http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2382</link>
		<dc:creator>jj</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Feb 2009 21:36:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2009/02/12/wasps-use-genes-stolen-from-ancient-viruses-to-make-biological-weapons/#comment-2382</guid>
		<description>Interesting post!  I always like to look at discoveries like these in a backwards fashion - Like, instead of thinking about how these wasps &#039;took&#039; genes from a virus, but more how something like a wasp developing proteins like this, then spreading them to a host could result in the formation of a virus (of course I have no backing to this whats-so-ever, but it&#039;s interesting to think of it this way).  Or what if a wasp infected another wasp (which doesn&#039;t happen, at leased not that I know of) with a pseudo-virus, and that is able to &#039;absorb&#039; (for lack of a better term or mechanism) a protein coat gene - creating a virus that is able to replicate. I&#039;m sure there is much more evidence for the forward progression, but something like this could help explain how something like a virus could come to be.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Interesting post!  I always like to look at discoveries like these in a backwards fashion &#8211; Like, instead of thinking about how these wasps &#8216;took&#8217; genes from a virus, but more how something like a wasp developing proteins like this, then spreading them to a host could result in the formation of a virus (of course I have no backing to this whats-so-ever, but it&#8217;s interesting to think of it this way).  Or what if a wasp infected another wasp (which doesn&#8217;t happen, at leased not that I know of) with a pseudo-virus, and that is able to &#8216;absorb&#8217; (for lack of a better term or mechanism) a protein coat gene &#8211; creating a virus that is able to replicate. I&#8217;m sure there is much more evidence for the forward progression, but something like this could help explain how something like a virus could come to be.</p>
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